SOIL SURVEY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY. 
72 
Ordinarily the best practice is to haul the manure directly 
to the field. When this is not practicable the pile should be 
kept compact, well trodden and moist, as it can be through the 
use of slightly saucer-shaped manure pit, from the outer sides 
of which the ground slopes away so as to prevent water wash¬ 
ing into the pit itself. In this climate the use of shelter is of 
doubtful importance, though where more rains occur, particu¬ 
larly in the winter, a shed roof is very helpful. 
The rate and frequency with which manure is applied de¬ 
pends in part on the character of the soil on the farm. On 
lighter soils more frequent applications of small amounts are 
desirable than on heavier soils. Five or six loads per acre every 
third year is desirable on the sandy loams, while eight to twelve 
or more every fourth or even fifth year mav be used to ad- 
vantage on heavier soils. 
DRAINAGE.* 
t . 
Outagamie County has approximately 115,000 acres of land 
which the soil survey has classed as poorly drained, and which 
must be provided with some form of drainage before cultivated 
crops can be grown safely from year to year. Of this poorly 
drained land, approximately 50 per cent consists of peat, nearly 
15,000 acres consists of overflow land classed as Genesee, and 
the remainder consists of low, poorly drained mineral soils, be¬ 
longing to the Povgan, Whitman, and Clyde Series. This esti¬ 
mate does not include the Superior clay loam which is a level, 
heavy soil, needing drainage in places. 
The largest areas of undrained land occur in the northwest¬ 
ern quarter and the west central parts adjoining the Wolf, 
Embarrass, and Shioc Rivers. 
At the present time, there are approximately eighteen thou¬ 
sand acres of poorly drained land in operating drainage enter 
prises. Of this, 5,468 acres are classed as improved, but only 
2 to 3 per cent of this improved land is actually in farms. 
There are 68.4 miles of open ditches with six additional miles 
under construction. The amount of capital invested in enter¬ 
prises which have been completed or which are under construc- 
t on amounts to $167,540. 
*Tho^e who are interested in drainage should apply to the Wisconsin 
Experiment Station for more specific information concerning their indi¬ 
vidual problems. Several drainage bulletins are available. 
