IN PATAGONIA AND FUEGIA 133 
surface is, from its spongy structure, already roughened by 
Nature and would not require to be artificially scarred. 
The most important implements of bone are the spear- 
and harpoon-heads of which a good variety was obtained. 
Some of these are figured here (Fig. 10, nos. 2—7). They are 
mostly made from the lower jaw-bones of whales, a few of 
the smaller examples being, probably, of seals' bones. A very 
rough spear-head (Fig. 10, no. 2) with plain tapering point 
and no barbs was found in a midden on Navarin. One 
margin is roughly jagged and notched toward the butt, to 
give grip to the hide thongs used for binding it to the shaft. 
Multi-barbed spear-heads (Fig. 1 o, nos. 3,6,7), with the barbs 
cut along one margin, such as were used for spearing otters, 
sea-birds, &c., vary greatly in the number of their barbs 
(two to thirteen). This type, called shushani by Yaghans, is 
usually notched towards the butt along the barbed margin, 
for attachment of the hafting-thongs. The spear-head shown 
in Fig. 10, no. 3, is exceptional in having a tapering and un¬ 
notched tang. It was dug out of a midden on Navarin. 
Fig. 10, no. 6 is from an eleven-barbed specimen obtained 
on Scott Island. An unusually large specimen of this type 
is figured (J size) in Fig. 10, no. 7. Its length is exactly 
24 in. and it is rather massive and evidently made from the 
mandible of a whale. It is of recent make, showing no sign 
of wear, and is furnished with thirteen well-cut barbs. The 
hafting notches along the edge towards the butt are more 
regular than is usual. 
Another distinct type is the bone harpoon-head, au-ia, 
which is detachable from the shaft and is used for capturing 
seals. These (Fig. 1 o, nos. 4, 5) have a single barb only; and 
the butt end is expanded and flattened for fitting rather 
loosely into the haft-socket. When hafted, a short thong of 
seal-hide was attached to the narrow neck of the bone head, 
the other end of the thong being fixed to the shaft. When 
