found associated with oxalurin. Hyalin*, and granular casts and 
oxalate crystals were present in the urine for a few days after the 
paroxysms in five of these cases (Nos. lo to 14 inclusive). A greater 
measure of success was attained when attention was directed to the 
more remote products of haemoglobin breakdown ; of these the iron- 
tree pigment nucleus alone held out prospects of successful 
quantitative work, since the iron itself is known to be in a large 
measure retained in the body and the protein portion is merged in 
the general protein metabolism. Haemoglobin, whether arising 
by haemolysis in the body or experimentally introduced, is withdrawn 
from the circulation and broken down into its constituents by the 
liver, and the pigment moiety is excreted into the intestine as bile 
pigment. When amounts larger than about 0*3 gram of haemoglobin 
per kilo body weight are suddenly' introduced into the circulating 
blood, some part may be excreted by the kidneys, and Barratt and 
\ orke have shown that the haemoglobinuria varies, with the degree 
of haemoglobinaem 1 a. 
The bile pigment leaves the body for the most part as urobilin 
in the urine and the faeces. 
Since the relationship of haemoglobin and urobilin is known 
w ith fair accuracy, it is possible to calculate theoretically the amount 
of urobilin which would be yielded, if all the haemoglobin of a normal 
man could be transformed into that substance; or conversely "'hat 
amount of haemoglobin must have been destroyed to give rise to a 
known excretion of urobilin. A man of 60 kilogrammes with a 
norma amount of red corpuscles, etc., would yield about 30 grams 
hi ! j in , r ° ni tiu * iaenio globin (7 so grams) of the circulating 
ood and about 20 grams more from the haemoglobin of his muscle 
and from pigment in the liver and bile passages. 
ukiimaky UROBILIN 
shown H t IIo PP e - Se yler, Hildebrandt, and others has 
that it “ U1 18 PreSent ° n, - v in ,races in normal urines, but 
internal L’“e '"ZT' t”? ^ “ * 
diem in thn • ! excretion is from 001 to 01 gram per 
high as o-c UMnC 0l 1CaIthy aduIts ’ and in pyrexias, etc., it rises as 
- - 5 5l am J >er d,em - Occasionally higher figures have been 
* AnnaU of Trop. Mtd.. ,, Xo . Swinll , 
