182 poisons : THEIR effects and detection. [§§ 227, 228. 
and the heart beats, but slowly and weakly, for a little after the 
respiration has ceased. 
§ 227. Warm-blooded Animals.— For a rabbit of the average weight 
of 2 kilos., *15 grm. is an active dose, and -3 a lethal dose (that is, -15 
per kilo.). The sleepy condition of the frog is not noticed, and the chief 
symptoms are clonic convulsions with dilatation of the pupils, the 
convulsions passing into death, without a noticeable paralytic stage. 
The symptoms observed in poisoned dogs are almost precisely similar, 
the dose, according to body weight, being the same. It has, however, 
been noticed that with doses large enough to produce convulsions, a 
weak condition has supervened, causing death in several days. There 
appears to be no cumulative action, since equal toxic doses can be 
given to animals for some time, and the last dose has no greater effect 
than the first or intermediate ones. The pathological appearances met 
with in animals poisoned by the minimum lethal doses referred to are 
not characteristic ; but there is a remarkable retardation of putrefaction. 
Meili 1 has studied the relative lethal effects on rabbits of phenol 
and the cresols. Meta-cresol he found less poisonous than phenol, the 
deadly dose being *5 grm. per kilo. ; phenol, less poisonous than ortho- 
and para-cresol; and the latter most poisonous of all. 
Karl Tollens, 2 experimenting on cats, mice, and frogs, gave the follow¬ 
ing results :— 
FATAL DOSE IN GRMS. PER KILOGRAMME OF BODY WEIGHT. 
Cats. 
Mice. 
Frogs. 
Phenol. 
009 
0-35 
0-10 
Para-cresol ....... 
0-08 
0-15 
0-15 
Ortho- ,, . 
0-09 
0-35 
0-20 
Meta- „ ....... 
012 
0-45 
0-25 
Carbolate of soda reckoned in weight of phenol . 
Cresolate of soda in terms of cresol— 
0-35 
010 
Para-cresol ....... 
015 
0-15 
Ortho- ,, ....... 
0-35 
0-20 
Meta- ,, ....... 
0-45 
0-25 
I. Crude cresol ...... 
0-35 
0-20 
II* 99 • • • • • • • 
, . 
0-25 
0-20 
XII. )) • • • • • • • 
. # 
0-20 
0-20 
I. Liq. cresol saponis in terms of cresol . 
0-30 
015 
II* 99 99 99 99 • • 
# . 
0-25 
0-15 
HI* 99 99 99 99 • • 
• • 
0-20 
015 
§ 228. Symptoms in Man: External Application.— A 5 per cent, 
solution of carbolic acid, applied to the skin, causes a peculiar numbness, 
followed, it may be, by irritation. Young subjects, and those with 
sensitive skins, sometimes exhibit a pustular eruption, and concentrated 
1 Dissertation. Berne, 1891. 
2 Archivf. experiment. Path. u. Pharm., Bd. lii. S. 239. 
