COPPER. 
§§ 838, 839.] 
many of the lilac and purple fires of the pyrotechnist, and in a great 
variety of pigments. The last-mentioned, being of special importance, 
will be briefly described :— 
Pigments:— 
Schweinfurt and Scheele’s Green 1 are respectively the aceto-arsenite 
and the arsenite of copper (see art. “ Arsenic ”). 
Brighton Green is a mixture of impure acetate of copper and chalk. 
Brunswick Green, originally a crude chloride of copper, is now 
generally a mixture of carbonate of copper and chalk or alumina. 
Mountain Green, or Mineral Green, is the native green carbonate of 
copper, either with or without a little orpiment. 
Neuwieder Green is either the same as mountain green, or Schwein¬ 
furt green mixed with gypsum or sulphate of baryta. 
Green Verditer is a mixture of oxide and carbonate of copper with 
chalk. 
Verdigris is an acetate of copper, or a mixture of acetates. Its 
formula is usually represented as (C 2 H 3 0 2 )Cu0. It is much used in the 
arts, and to some extent as an external application in medicine. Its 
most frequent impurities or adulterations are chalk and sulphate of 
copper. 
§ 838. Dose—Medicinal Dose of Copper. —Since sulphate of copper 
is practically the only salt administered internally, the dose is generally 
expressed as so man}^ grains of sulphate. This salt is given in quantities 
of from 016 to *129 grm. (J to 2 grains) as an astringent or tonic ; as 
an emetic, from *324 to -648 grm. (5 to 10 grains). 
The sulphate of copper is given to horses and cattle in such large 
doses as from 30 up to 120 grains (T9 to 7-7 grms.) ; to sheep, from 
T3 to 2-6 grms. (20 to 40 grains) ; rabbits, -0648 to ’1296 grm. 
(1 to 2 grains). 
§ 839. Effects of Soluble Copper Salts on Animals. Harnaok has 
made some experiments on animals with an alkaline tartrate of copper, 
which has no local action, nor does it precipitate albumin. | to f 
mgrm. of copper oxide in this form, administered subcutaneously, was 
fatal to frogs, -05 grm. to rabbits, -4 grm. to dogs. The direct excita¬ 
bility of the voluntary muscles was gradually extinguished, and death 
took place from heart paralysis. Vomiting w~as only noticed when the 
poison was administered by the stomach. 2 The temperature of animals 
poisoned by copper sinks, according to the researches of F. A. Falck, 
many degrees. These observations are in agreement with the effects 
1 The synonyms for Schweinfurt green are extremely numerous. Mitic green, 
Viennic green, imperial green, emerald green, are the principal terms in actual use. 
2 On the other hand, Brunton and West have observed vomiting produced in 
animals after injection of copper peptone into the jugular vein.— Barth. Hosp. Rep. y 
1877, xii. 
