738 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
Wallach’s 1 synthetic /3-pinene: 
B. P. 
163-164° 
M 
found 
1.4724 0.8660 -22°20 1 44.13 
Calculated 
for 
c 10 H 16r 
43.54 
Fraction 2 was about four times as large as fraction 1 and 
the differences in the constants suggests the presence of a second 
terpene. All the constants have higher values than those given 
by Wallach but this has been the author’s general experience 
in the examination of those volatile oils of which /?-pinene was 
the chief constituent. On the possibility that the increased val¬ 
ues might be due to the presence of camphene, fraction 1 was 
examined for this terpene but with negative results. 
/?-pinene is widely distributed in nature, but it may be of in¬ 
terest to mention that previous to the examination of the present 
series of volatile oils, this terpene had not been deteced in quan¬ 
tity except in hyssop oil. 2 The author has found /?-pihene to be 
the principal constituent of the following oils: the needle oils 
of longleaf pine, Cuban pine, Douglas fir, white fir, western yel¬ 
low pine, sugar pine and lodgepole pine; the cone oils of western 
yellow pine and sugar pine; the bark oil of white fir; and the 
turpentine oils of western yellow pine and sand pine. 
The rosin from the sand pine crystallized readily from ace¬ 
tone. The abietic acid crystals began to melt at 150-151° and 
were completely liquid at 157°. When the rosin was crystallized 
from alcohol containing 10% of concentrated hydrochloric acid 
the crystals began to melt at 157-158° and were not com¬ 
pletely liquid until 167°. The resin acids occurring in the oleo- 
resin evidently undergo rearrangement with heat, and in pres¬ 
ence of acids and other reagents. The abietic acid had the ro¬ 
tation [a] D -85.46°. Analysis of the silver salt follows: 
0.4885 g. silver salt gave 0.1234 g. Ag. =26.34% Ag. 
Calculated for silver abietate Ag. (C 20 H 29 O 2 ), 26.37% Ag. 
The turpentine oil of the sand pine has the following com¬ 
position : 1-a-pinene, 10%; 1-camphene, 10% ; l-/?-pinene, 75%. 
The rosin consists mainly of abietic acid. 
1 Ann. 363, 1 (1908). 
2 Schimmel & Company, April Report, 1908, p. 58. 
