1 
Schorger—Chemistry of American Conifers. 741 
Furfural was qualitatively determined in the pinene fractions 
by the colorimetric method with aniline salts. The presence of 
1-a-pinene was shown by means of the nitrolpiperidine, m. p. 
117-8°. The 1-rotatory fractions b. p. 160-162° contained cam- 
phene which was converted into isoborneol, m. p. 209-210°, and 
then into camphor; m. p. of semicarbazone, 235-236°. 
The principal terpene present in the oil was /Lpinene a frac¬ 
tion having the constants, b. p. 164-166°, d 15 ° 0.8704, aD 25 0 -24.12° 
gave one third of its weight of sodium nopinate. The nopinic 
acid, m. p. 125°, was further oxidized to nopinone; m. p. of semi¬ 
carbazone 185-6°. Dipentene was detected by means of the di¬ 
hydrochloride m. p. 49°, and tetrabromide, m. p. 115-7°. Phel- 
landrene was absent. 
The ester fraction contained 1-rotatory borneol, m. p. 201-202°, 
isolated by means of the pthalic ester. The combined acids appear¬ 
ed to be caprylic and caproic acids from analysis of their silver 
salts. The fraction b. p. 270-280°, d 21 ° 0.9190, a D2 i 0 -14.76°, gave 
crystals of cadinene dihydrochloride, m. p. 118°. An 11.13%. 
solution of the crystals had the rotation a D2 i 0 -3.51 0 . 
The leaf and twig oil of Cuban pine has the following compo¬ 
sition: furfural trace; 1-pinene 4%; 1-camphene 10%; 
l-/3-pinene 35-36%; dipentene 8%; bornyl ester (as acetate) 
3.5%; free borneol 11.4%; d-cadinene 18-19%. The combined 
acids were apaprently caproic and caprylic acids. 
Leap and Twig Oil of Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) 1 
A series of four oils had the following constants: d 15 ° 0.8829- 
0.8849; n Dl5 ° 1.4818-1.4825; a D28 °-26.78 to -30.49° ; acid No. 
0.55-0.73; ester No. 6.05-7.22; ester No. after acetylation 36.53- 
46.37; average yield of oil 0.401%. 
It was thought that the yield of oil from the various species 
might be correlated with the number and size of the oil ducts. 
Microphotographs of cross sections of the needles brought out 
this relation in a striking manner. The leaf of the long-leaf pine 
containing five large ducts gave 0.401% of oil, the Cuban 
pine needles containing ten small oil ducts gave 0.271% of oil 
while the lodgepole pine needles containing only two oil ducts 
gave but 0.112% of oil. 
J Jour. Ind. Eng. Chem. 6 (1914) 723. 
