8'chorger—Chemistry of American Conifers. 
743 
5%; bornyl ester 2%; free borneol 9.8%; d-cadinene 11% ; the 
combined acids consist of caprylic acid, with probably heptoic 
and eaproic acids. 
The Cone Oil of Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) 1 
The green cones distilled in June gave 0.363% of oil having 
the following constants; d 15 ° 0.8756; n Dl5 ° 1.4760; aD 28 °~9.22°; 
acid No. 0.42; ester No. 3.95; ester No. after acetylation 31.07. 
The fraction, b. p. 156-158°, d 15 ° 0.8637, a D24 0 +6.82 0 , gave 
pinene nitrolpiperidine melting at 118-9°. In the cone oil ac¬ 
cordingly d-a-pinene is present while in the leaf and twig oil of 
this species the a-pinene is decidedly 1-rotatory. Camphene was 
present in the weakly 1-rotatory fractions b. p. 160-162° as shown 
by conversion into isoborneol m. p. 208-210°. /1-pinene was iden¬ 
tified by oxidation to nopinic acid; m. p. 125-126°. Dipentene 
was present, m. p. of tetrabromide 123-4°, but phellandrene was 
not found. 
The higher boiling fractions contained borneol, m. p. 202- 
203°, and cadinene, m. p. of dihydrochloride 116-7°. 
The cone oil has the following composition: furfural; d-a-pin¬ 
ene 39-40%; 1-camphene 12%; l-/3-pinene 25%; dipentene 
6-7% ; bornyl ester 1.4% ; free borneol 7.6% ; d-cadinene 1-2%. 
The Leaf and Twig of White Fir ( Abies concolor Parry.) 2 
A series of seven oils had the following range of constants: 
d 15 ° 0.8720-0.8777; n Dl5 ° 1.4781-1.4796; a D25 o -20.11 o to -27.94°; 
acid No. 1.01-1.81; ester No. 14.48-27.34; ester No. after acety¬ 
lation 47.84-55.51; average yield of oil 0.128%. The oil dis¬ 
tilled from leaves taken from the top showed a slightly higher 
total alcohol content than the oil from leaves at the base of the 
same tree. 
Furfural was detected in the first fraction. L-a-pinene was 
present in small quantity; m. p. of nitrolpiperidine 118.5°. 
From the fraction b. p. 160-162°, d 15 ° 0.8695, aD 23 0 -27.39°, 
isoborneol, m. p. 209-210°, was obtained showing the pres¬ 
ence of camphene. ^-pinene was the chief constituent of 
the oil. The fraction b. p. 164-166.5° d 15 ° 0.8715, a D23 0 
-23.66°, gave on oxidation large quantities of sodium nopinate. 
1 Jour. Ind. Eng. Chem. 6 (1914) 723. 
2 Jour. Ind. Eng. Chem. 6 (1914) 809. 
