744 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
The free nopinic acid melted at 126.6-127°. The oil boiling be¬ 
tween 170-180° gave a mass of crystals of phellandrene nitrite 
melting at 102°. Limonene was not detected as ether the dihy¬ 
drochloride or tetrabromide. 
Borneol was shown to be present by oxidation to camphor the 
semicarbazone of which melted at 236-7°. The bornyl ester is 
mainly the acetate since the silver salt of the acid obtained by 
saponification contained 64.56% Ag. The fraction b. p. 265- 
285° was emerald green in color and had the constants: d 19 . 5 o 
0.925; n Dl5 ° 1.4936; a D2 o 0 -0.49 0 for a 37.83% solution in ether. 
No solid derivatives of this oil was obtained. 
The leaf and twig oil had the following composition: furfural 
trace; a-pinene 12%; 1-camphene 8%; l-/3-pinene 42%; 1-phel- 
landrene 15% ; bornyl acetate 6.5% ; free borneol 9.5% ; “green 
oil” 3%. 
The Bark Oil of White Fir (Abies concolor Parry.) 1 
Two oils, distilled from the bark from small" trees peeled for 
poles had the following constants: d 15 ° 0.8767-0.8702; n Dl5 ° 
1.4833-1.4809; aD 2O °-20.95° to 20.15° ; acid No. 1.22-0.87; ester 
No. 6.88-6.43; ester No. after acetylation 23.34-20.45; average 
yield of oil 0.095%. 
About 80% of the oil distilled between 162.5° and 180°. Fur¬ 
fural was present as usual. About 9.0% of the oil consisted of 
1-a-pinene, the nitrolpiperidene of which melted at 118°. The 
fractions boiling between 163-170° gave an oxidation nopinic 
acid, m. p. 126-127°; further oxidation gave the ketone nopinone 
whose semicarbazone melted at 188°. The presence of /3-pinene 
is accordingly assured. The 1-rotatory fraction boiling between 
170-180° gave dipentene dihydrochloride but no solid deriva¬ 
tive was obtained on bromination. 
The fraction, b. p. 192-250°, containing the esters amounted 
to only 4.5 g. and was not further examined. The ester and 
free alcohol are calculated as bornyl acetate and borneol. The 
highest boiling fraction consisted of “green oil”. 
The bark oil has the following composition: furfural; 1-a-pin- 
ene 9.0%; l-/?-pinene 60%; dipentene 12-13%.; ester as bornyl 
acetate 2.5% ; free broneol 4.5% ; “green oil” 5%. 
1 Jour. Ind. Eng. Chem. 6 (1914) 809. 
