Schorger—Chemistry of American Conifers » 745 
The Leaf and Twig Oil of Western Yellow Pine {Pinus pon- 
derosa Laws.) 1 
A series of 10 oils distilled from the leaves only had the fol¬ 
lowing range of properties: d 15 ° 0.8718-0.8849; n D i 5 ° 1.4789- 
1.4815; a D2 2o°~15.73 to -19.59°; acid No. 0.85-2.36; ester No. 
3.88- 7.83; ester No. after acetylation 24.11-35.10; average yield 
of oil 0.071%. A series of four oils distilled from the needles 
and twigs had the constants; d 15 ° 0.8755-0.8844; n Dl5 ° 1.4805- 
l. 4838; a D o 0 °-15.94 to -17.26; acid No. 0.67-0.87; ester No. 
5.89- 8.10; ester No. after acetylation 25.14-35.68; average yield 
of oil 0.114%. 
The oils contained very little a-pinene. After repeated frac¬ 
tionation only 1.5% was obtained distilling between 157 and 
160°, having the constants, d 15 ° 0.8660 and a D2 3-27.0°. 
The pinene nitrosochloride obtained melted at 102.5°. Cam- 
phene was not found. /J-pinene was present in large amounts; 
it was oxidized to nopinic acid, m. p. 126°, and to nopinone, 
m. p. of semicarbazone 188°. Dipentene was present as shown 
by the tetrabromide m. p. 124°. 
Borneol was detected with difficulty. After saponification of 
the ester fraction, the liberated alcohols were heated with 
phthalic anhydride and the ester purified in the usual way. On 
subsequent saponification an oil was obtained; on oxidizing this 
oil a few crystals having the appearance and odor of camphor 
were formed. After sublimation the crystals melted at about 
160°. Formic and acetic acids were present in the oil both in 
the free and combined state. The fraction b. p. 255-285° con¬ 
tained the ‘‘green oil” found in so many of the needle oils. 
The composition of the oil is approximately as follows: 
1-a-pinene 2%; 1-^-pinene 75% ; dipentene 6%; bornyl acetate 
2%; free alcohol as borneol 7% ; “green oil” 3%. 
The Cone Oil of Western Yellow Pine (Pinus ponderosa 
Laws.) 1 
The pale green oil had the following properties: d 15 ° 0.8757; 
n Dl5 ° 1.4789; a D2 o 0 -ll-48; acid No. 1.27; ester No. 7.20; ester 
No. after acetylation 22.41; yield of oil 0.063%. 
Furfural was detected colorimetrically. The fraction b. p. 
1 Jour. Ind. Eng. Chem. 6 (1914) 893. 
