fichorger—Chemistry of American Conifers. 757 
The colophony contained some of the polymerized phel- 
landrene. About 80% of abietic acid crystals were obtained 
from the colophony by crystallization from alcohol containing 
hydrochloric acid. The triangular plates melted at 159-160°, 
The silver salt contained 26.15% Ag in agreement with the 
formula Ag (C 20 H 29 O 2 ). 
The turpentine oil of lodgepole pine accordingly consists 
mainly of l-/?-phellandrene and the colophony of abietic acid. 
The Oleoresin of Pinon Pine (Pinus edulis Engelm) 1 
The oleoresins of pinon pine and singleleaf pine are very sim¬ 
ilar in odor, appearance and composition. The oleoresin of 
pinon pine contained 76.5% colophony and 20% of a volatile 
oil having the following properties: d 15 ° 0.8680; n Dl5 ° 1.4707; 
[a] D +19.26°. 
The oil consisted largely of d-a-pinene the nitrosochloride 
melting at 103°. /?-pinene was detected with difficulty, the 
few crystals of nopinic acid obtained melting at 123°. The 
high boiling fractions contained the sesquiterpene cadinene: b. p. 
135-140° at 20 mm.; d 15 ° 0.9173; n Dl5 ° 1.4926; [a] D +15.41°. 
The dihydrochloride melted at 118 ° and was 1-rotatory. So far 
as known this was the first case in which cadinene had been 
found in a turpentine oil. 
All attempts to obtain crystalline a resin acid from the colo¬ 
phony were unsuccessful. The crystals obtained from the crude 
oleoresin melted at 129-130° after four crystallizations from 
acetone. When these were dissolved in methyl alcohol and 
hydrochloric acid was added, triangular plates melting at 137° 
were obtained. The latter crystals had the specific rotation 
[a] D -52.77° and the silver salt contained 26.46% Ag. The acid 
accordingly has the empirical formula of abietic acid. 
The volatile oil of this species contains 70-75% d-a-pinene, 
about 5% +pinene, and 15-20% d-eadinene. The resin acid 
in the oleoresin is isomeric with abietic acid. 
1 Forest Service Bulletin, 119, p. 28. 
