846 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
upon the addition of ammonia, a black precipitate. Lead 
acetate added to fisetin solutions forms an orange yellow preci¬ 
pitate which is easily soluble in acetic acid. 
Fisetin forms tetramcthyl, tetraethyl, tetrabenzoyl, and tetra- 
acetyl derivatives. By fusion with alkalies it yields phloro- 
glucin, resorcinol, and protocatechuic acid. Treated with 
chromic acid 12 it does not yield an oxidation product corres¬ 
ponding to those produced from chrysin and quercetin under the 
same condition. To fabrics mordanted with aluminum fisetin 
imparts an orange color, with tin a bright red or yellow red color, 
with chromium a brown color. 
Kaempherol,—Tetrahydroxy a — 1 , 3, 4, — flavone , or — 
Trihydroxy—1, 3, 4 r —flavonol. 
Kaempherol was probably first extracted by Zwenger * 1 and 
Dronk, in 1861, as the glucoside robinin from Robinia pseud- 
acacia. It was considered by them, however, to be a glucoside 
of quercetin. It was first prepared from kaempherid, its 
3-methyl ether, in 1897 by Gordin 2 3 who treated the crystal¬ 
line kaempherid with strong hydriodic acid solution thus se¬ 
curing the free kaempherol. It was later isolated by Perkin 
(1900) from the flowers of Delphinium consolida 3 and by him 
identified. Perkin also isolated the glucoside robinin from the 
flowers of Robinia pseudacacia . 4 The constitutional formula of 
kaempherol follows from its preparation from kaempherid, and 
from its synthesis, along with that of kaempherid, by Kostanecki 
and others. 
Kaempherol occurs both as such and combined as the gluco- 
12 Ber., 45, p. 499. 
1 Ann., Sup. 1, (1861) p. 257. 
2 Ber., 34, p. 3723. 
3 Jr. Chem. Soc., 81, p. 585. 
4 Proc. Chem. Soc., 17, p. 87. 
