848 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
this kaempferid of Brandes was found by Jahns 2 to be a mix¬ 
ture of three substances which he called kaempferid, galangin, 
and alpinin. Our ideas of the constitution of kaempferid, and 
also of kaempferol, are based upon its behavior with oxidizing 
substances and alkalies. By the action of oxidizing agents it 
yields para hydroxy benzoic acid and oxalic acid, fused with 
alkalies, oxalic acid, formic acid, and phloroglucine. 
This conception of the formula of kaempferid and kaemp¬ 
ferol is supported by the work of Kostanecki 3 and his associates, 
also by that of Gordin, 4 and of Cimician and Silber, 5 and it is 
confirmed by its synthesis by Kostanecki, Lampe and Tambor. 6 7 
In this synthesis hydroxy-2'-trimethoxy-4', 6', 4-chalkon, 8 
synthesized from phloracetophenone-dimethyl ether and anise 
aldehyde, treated in alcoholic solution with dilute sulphuric 
acid, yielded trimethoxy-1, 3, 4'-flavonon, which in turn gave 
the trimethoxy-1, 3, 4'-flavonol, and that gave the trihydroxy— 
1, 3, 4—flavonol. 
Kaempherid occurs, as has been already pointed out, in the 
rhizom of Alpina officinarum. 
Kaempferid crystallizes in yellow plates which melt at 224r- 
225. It is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in cold alcohol, 
chloroform and benzene, readily soluble in hot alcohol, ether, 
and sulphuric acid. It dissolves with an intense yellow color 
in solutions of the alkalies and the alkaline carbonates. In con¬ 
centrated sulphuric acid it dissolves with a yellow color and a 
blue fluorescence. The alcoholic solution gives an olive green 
precipitate with ferric chloride, and a yellow precipitate with 
lead acetate. It reduces Fehling’s solution when warmed. 
* Ber., 14, p. 2305, 2807; Gazz. chim ital., 30 (11) p. 327. 
8 Ber., 32, p. 318; 34, 3723; 28, p. 2302. 
4 Ber., 34, p. 3723; Dissertation, Berne, 1897. 
6 Ber., 32, p. 861. 
6 Ber., 37, p. 2096. 
7 Ber., 37, p. 192. 
