Wakeman—Pigments of Flowering Plants. 
885 
lutions color animal tissues deep yellow. It is soluble in so¬ 
lutions of alkaline hydroxides with a red color. Chrysophanic 
acid colors unmordanted silk and wool yellow. Wools mor¬ 
danted with aluminum are colored orange red; with chromium, 
bright red; and with iron, bright brown. 
The constitution 9 of chrysophanic acid is probably as indi¬ 
cated in formula I. above. This formula was first suggested 
by Hesse in 1899, and afterwards by Jowett and Potter in 1903. 
Attention should here be called to the fact th&t none of the above 
formulae are in accord with Liebermann’s rule for a eolored 
molecule. 
The principal investigations of chrysophanic acid are men¬ 
tioned in the following list: 
Literature on Chrysophanic Acid. 
Aweng, -—Pharm. Centralbl., 1898, p. 776; Apoth. Ztg., 15, p. 
537; 17, p. 372. 
Brandes, — Ann., 9, p. 85. 
Dulk, — Arch. d. Pharm., 17, II. p. 26. 
Geiger, — Ann., 9, p. 91. 
Gilson, — Arch, internal, de Pharm et Therap., 11, p. 487. 
Grandis, — Jahresb. d. Chem., 1892 p. 1654. 
Grothe, — Chem. Centralbl., 1862, p. 107. 
Hesse, — Ann., 291, p. 306; 309, p. 32. 
Jowett and Potter,— Jr. Chem. Soc., 81, p. 1528; 83, p. 1327. 
Le Prince, — C. r., 129, p. 60. 
Liebermann, — Ann., 183, p. 169; 212, p. 36; Ber., 11, p. 1607. 
Limousin, — Jr. de Pharm et de Chem., 1885, p. 80. 
Marfori, — Chem. Centrlbl., 1900, I. p. 1292. 
Oesterle, — Arch. d. Pharm., 243, p. 434. 
Pelz, — Jahresber. d. Chem., 1861, p. 392. 
Rochleder, — Ber., 2, p. 373. 
Rue and Mueller, — Jahresber d. Chem., 1857, p. 516. 
Rupe, — Chem. der nat. Farbs., 2, p. 117. 
Schoeller, — Ber., 32, p. 683. 
Scholzberger, — Ann., 50, p. 196. 
Thann. —Ann., 107, p. 324. 
Tschirch and Cristofoletti,—Arch. d. Pharm., 243, p. 434. 
9 Jr. Chem. Soc., 83, p. 1327; Ann., 309, p. 32. 
