892 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
No pigments referable to the above hydrocarbons are found 
in plants; but two pigment forming substances, brazilin and 
haematoxylon, which upon oxidation yield the pigments 
brazilein and haematein, are referable to it. The pigments 
themselves are referable to an isomer of methyl-phenyl hydrin- 
dine, falling under the same degree of saturation. 
CH CH 
C H 
H 3 Brazilin 
Brazilin was first discovred by Chevreul, 1 in 1808, in the heart 
wood of Cisalpina echinata where it exists in the form of a glu- 
coside. It was not until one-hundred years later, however, that 
its constitution was definitely established when Perkin, 2 in 1908, 
after a long series of investigations, by the synthesis of brazil- 
inic acid and other derivatives of brazilin, showed the formula 
to be that given above. Besides in Cisalpina echinata, brazilin 
occurs in another species of Cisalpina, C. sappari . 3 According 
to Rupe 4 a number of woods, known as red woods, employed as 
dyestuffs contain brazilin. These are all the products of var¬ 
ieties of Cisalpinia species and are known as Femanabose or 
Brazil wood, Bahia red wood; St. Martha wood; Nicaragua wood, 
Sapan wood, Lima wood and Braziliette wood. 
Brazilin crystallizes in colorless crystals which color readily 
upon exposure to the air. It is soluble in water, alcohol and 
ether, these solutions color quickly upon exposure to the air. 
Brazilin and its derivatives have been the subject of a large 
number of chemical investigations, the principal ones of which 
are listed below. 
‘Ann. Chim. et Phys., 66, p. 225. 
3 Proc. Chem. Soc., 79, p. 1396; 81, p. 221, 235, 1008; 91, 1073; 93, p. 489. 
3 Ber., 5, p. 572. 
4 Chemie der natuerlichen Farbestoffe., 1, p. 224. 
