58 
LAPLAND LONGSPUR. 
Wings deep blackish chesnut, crossed by two white lines; primaries 
on the inside at tip margined with white. Tail forked, brownish 
black, all the feathers margined with rusty, the two outer with a 
white cuneiform spot at tip. 
The dress of the female in autumn and winter is as follows: 
head, and neck above, shoulders and back, grayish rusty, with 
blackish spots, the rusty predominating on the neck and rump; 
the superciliar line whitish rusty, uniting with a white streak 
from the angle of the bill: throat white each side, with a brownish 
line; upper part of the breast grayish, spotted with black; inferior 
parts white; the flanks with longitudinal blackish marks. 
The young of both sexes, during the first year, are of a 
yellowish brown above, tinged with grayish, streaked and spotted 
with blackish, the shafts of the feathers being of that colour; 
the cheeks and auriculars are brownish, the latter mixed with 
black, a small blackish spot, that spreads as the bird advances in 
age, is already visible near the opening of the ears; above the 
eye is a broad streak of pale brownish; the throat is yellowish 
white, slightly streaked with brown, and with a blackish line each 
side coming from the corner of the lower mandible; the lower 
portion of the neck and breast is of a dingy, reddish white, 
more intense, and thickly spotted with blackish brown on the 
breast and flanks; the belly and vent are almost pure whitish. 
The wing-coverts and secondaries are blackish brown, margined 
with dark rusty, and tipped with white: the primaries are dusky 
brown, paler at the edge. The tail-feathers are dusky, and also 
margined with deep rusty; the outer bearing a reddish white 
conic spot, which is merely longitudinal, and narrow, on the next. 
The bill is entirely of a dirty yellowish brown; the feet are dusky 
brown: the hind nail, though still longer than its toe, is much 
shorter, and not quite so straight. 
The figures represent an old male, and a young female. 
