FEMALE WHITE-WINGED CHOSSB1LL. 
87 
stoutest; the nails strong, much curved, and sharp, the hind one 
the longest, and twice as large as the lateral. 
The male described by Latham, Wilson and Vieillot as in 
full plumage, but which, with Temminck, we have good reasons 
for believing to be between one and two years old, differs from 
the female in being a trifle larger, and of a crimson red where 
she is olive gray: the base of the plumage is also considerably 
darker, approaching to black on the head, which colour pre¬ 
dominates in several parts of the plumage, round the eye, on 
the front, in a broad line curving and widening from the eye 
each side of the neck, and appearing distinctly on the back, where 
it generally forms a kind of band descending from the base of 
the wing: the rump is of a beautiful rose-red; the black*of the 
wings and tail is deeper; the white pure, and more extended; the 
lining of the quills, and especially of the tail-feathers, more con¬ 
spicuous; the belly is of a pure whitish, much less streaked, &c. 
The bird which from analogy we take for the adult male, 
though we have no positive evidence for deciding whether it is in 
the passage to, or from, the preceding, differs only in having a 
light buff orange tinge where the other has crimson: it agrees 
with it in all its minute markings, the patch on the sides of the 
head is better defined, and the wings and tail are of a still 
deeper black, the edges of the quills and tail-feathers being very 
conspicuous, and almost pure white. All these facts conspire to 
favour our opinion. In this state the bird is rare, as might be 
expected, and has not before been noticed by any naturalist: we 
have not represented it, only that we might not multiply figures 
of the same species. 
The very young male before assuming the red, at the age of 
one year, exactly resembles the female; being only more grayish, 
and less tinged with olive, and having the rump greenish yellow, 
instead of yellow. 
