264 
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 
[Vol. 10, 
duced many staminodes and intermediate stamens and a few normal ones, 
while the other 9 produced many flowers which could not be distinguished 
from those borne on pistillate plants. Only an occasional perfect flower 
appeared to indicate the true sex condition of the plants. I believe that the 
five apparently pistillate seedlings resulting from the cross 47/16 were of this 
type, but were not observed at a time when perfect flowers were present. 
Of two hermaphrodite X hermaphrodite crosses made by Mr. Charles 
Haralson, one, 1017 X Francis, resulted in 43 hermaphrodites, all very 
fertile, and no females; the other, 1017 X Progressive, resulted in 1,105 
hermaphrodites arid 33 females. Here, again, the writer believes that these 
were not true females but were hermaphrodites observed at a time when 
no functional stamens were present. This view is strengthened by the fact 
that in this lot of 1,138 seedlings, 433 hermaphrodites produced some 
female flowers. In some of these the primaries only were pistillate, while 
in other clones only an occasional perfect flower was produced (7, PI. 35). 
An occasional pistillate flower is quite common in many of the hermaph¬ 
roditic varieties, especially among the primary flowers produced early in 
the spring. They are always fertile to a high degree, and produce the 
largest berries borne on the cluster. Wild males of F. virginiana may also 
produce an occasional pistillate primary flower which is generally fertile. 
A more extensive study of such types as these may throw light on the 
origin of dioeciousness in the genus Fragaria. 
Staminate X Staminate 
The cross staminate X staminate should give results identical, so far 
as somatic flower types are concerned, with the combinations thus far 
considered. Only a single combination of this type was studied. The 
female parent was a staminate plant of F. virginiana which produced a 
single pistillate primary flower. This, when pollinated with pollen from a 
staminate F. virginiana , set a few seeds. These produced 4 plants, all of 
which were somatic hermaphrodites or males. The cross was truly stam¬ 
inate X staminate rather than hermaphrodite X staminate, as the plant 
used as the female would always be considered a pure staminate in nature. 
Thus far we have obtained a total of 1,714 hermaphrodites or somatic 
hermaphrodites to a possible 38 pistillates when hermaphrodites were 
pollinated from hermaphrodites in 25 different combinations. In view of 
the explanation given of the probable sex condition of the 38 pistillates, 
the results leave little doubt that hermaphrodites or somatic hermaphrodites 
carry only the hermaphrodite and male determiners and do not contain the 
determiner for femaleness. The strawberry is then in direct contrast to 
the condition found in Lychnis and Vitis, in both of which the hermaphro¬ 
dites have been shown to be heterozygous for the sex determiners. 
