[Vol. io, 
298 
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 
Involucres small to large, few- to many-flowered, the scales 
persistent, prominently spreading or reflexed at 
maturity; achenes ribbed; pappus mostly in two 
distinct series. 
All or most of the heads subtended by foliaceous bracteal 
leaves, sessile or nearly so. 
Heads subtended by minute scale-like bracteal leaves or 
none, sessile or pediceled. 
Cymes long, divergent, straight or curved, but main¬ 
taining a considerable distance without branches; 
heads crowded, sessile. 
Cymes reduced to 1 or a few heads, which are sessile 
and terminal or on long terminal or subterminal 
peduncles; heads mostly large. 
Cymes abbreviated, the heads in capitulate clusters, 
sessile; involucre funnel-form, bearing numerous 
scales on its narrowed base. 
Cymes freely branched, the branches appearing at 
the bases of many of the sessile heads and pro¬ 
ducing a large paniculate cluster. 
Cymes freely branched and greatly reduced, mostly 
bearing 1 or 2 heads only, which therefore appear 
peduncled. 
.Section 3. Lepidaploa. 
Subsection 3 a. 
Subsection 3 b. 
Subsection 3c. 
Subsection 3 d. 
Subsection $e. 
Subsection 3/. 
Section 1. Stenocephalum 
1. V. apiculata Mart., DC. Prodr. 5: 51. 1836. 
Oripati, Yungas, Bang 2166; Apolo, Williams 20,123. 
Section 2. Critoniopsis 
Leaves sessile and clasping by a broad auriculate base, broadest at 
or near the middle, densely pubescent or tomentose beneath, 
the larger ones 15-20 cm. long; inflorescence very large and 
open; heads about 8-flowered; involucre obconic, about 
4 mm. high, straw-colored or brown; scales obtuse or 
rounded; achenes thinly pubescent in 5 lines; pappus 
white, the deciduous bristles 4 mm. long, the paleae 1 mm. 
long, scarcely wider than the bristles. 
Stem, branches, inflorescence, and lower leaf-surface densely 
shaggy with grav-brown hairs 3-5 mm. long; leaves broadly 
oblong-elliptic; involucre hairy toward the base, becoming 
glabrate toward the summit. 
Stem, branches, inflorescence, and lower leaf-surface densely 
appressed-pubescent or subtomentose; leaves ovate-oblong; 
involucral scales thinly villous or glabrate toward the tip. 
Leaves petioled, 10-15 cm. long; involucre 3 mm. high; scales 
rounded to obtuse or acute, mostly tomentose at the tip; 
pappus gray or tawny. 
Leaves and stem essentially glabrous; leaves acuminate; heads 
5-flowered; achenes very thinly hirsute. 
Leaves and stem pubescent or tomentose; heads 5- -8-flowered; 
achenes nearly or quite glabrous. 
2. V. jubifera. 
3. V. Conwayi. 
4. V. boliviano ,. 
