July, 1923] 
SANDS — STRUCTURE OF CHROMOSOMES 
351 
Henle (1882) held that the striations seen by Balbiani and others were 
artifacts and the result of post-mortem coagulation, but Carnoy (1884) 
took exception to his contention: 
On peut affirmer que le boyau de nucleine existe pendant la vie, tel que nous venons 
de le decrire. C’est en effet sur les cellules vivantes que nous l’avons etudie, fig. 66 et 67. 
Les boyaux si volumineux des insectes sont faciles a examiner de cette fa^on. On les voit 
parfaitement, m§me avec l’objectif DD, a l’interieur du noyau; on peut y suivre les cir- 
convolutions, et y distinguer nettement les stries dont nous parlerons tout-a-l’heure. 
Objections may arise upon comparing these gland-cell nuclei with other 
nuclei involved in ordinary mitotic divisions, since, in connection with 
secretory activity, it is common to observe nuclei of irregular constitution 
and shapes such as those in the spinning cells of Arachnids—the spireme 
nuclei of Wilson (1900, p. 35)—or those found in the polymorphonuclear 
leucocytes. The structures under discussion are not confined to these 
cells. Carnoy (1884) described them for the plant Paris quadrifolia simul¬ 
taneously with other forms (text fig. 3). 
Fig. 1. Ribbon-like chromosomes figured by Heidenhain (1907). Fig. 2. Schematic 
representation of a quadripartite chromosomal cross section. Fig. 3. Chromomere con¬ 
struction as figured by Carnoy (1884) in Paris quadrifolia. Fig. 4. Pfitzner’s conception 
of the splitting chromatic granules, taken from Flemming (1882). 
