442 
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 
[Vol. io. 
Department of Botany at Columbia University, under the observation of 
Professor R. A. Harper, and one (5 no. i) at the University of Missouri under 
the care of Professor G. M. Reed. Both plants made vigorous growth and 
bloomed profusely, but neither plant produced a single capsule during the 
entire period of bloom of the season of 1917. In 1918 the plant at Missouri 
suffered severely from drought, and its failure to set any seed that year is 
not to be considered as adequate evidence of complete self-incompatibility. 
The short-styled plant at Columbia University thrived and in the course 
of its season of bloom in 1918 produced 17 pods. Ten of these contained 
only mere rudiments of seeds, two contained one good seed (plump and 
apparently fully developed) each, three had two good seeds each, one had 
seven seeds, and one had eight. Sixteen of these 23 seeds germinated. In 
the following year (1919) this plant bloomed more abundantly than in the 
previous year and produced at least 5000 flowers, and during the entire 
season 161 pods matured. The seeds in 100 of these pods were counted; the 
number per pod ranged to 116, and the average was 23.67 (see table 1). 
This plant grew poorly in 1920, when its roots were separated to make two 
plants. In 1921 these thrived, and there was abundant bloom but only 
about 25 pods were produced. The irregular pod production by this plant 
may involve one or more of several conditions; possibly in 1919 insects may 
have brought poilen from a distance from plants of this species growing in 
city parks, or the irregularity may involve the presence or absence of certain 
insects that are most efficient in causing self-pollination. 
Long-styled Plants Grown in Isolation. A long-styled plant (L no. 1 ) 
was grown at Baraboo, Wisconsin, under the care of Mr. William Toole, Sr., a 
well known pansy specialist. Plants of the variety rosea were also growing 
in the nursery at some distance away, so that some of the seed produced by 
the plant L no. 1 may have been due to cross-pollination by insects. But 
another long-styled plant (L no. 2) was grown in what was certain isolation 
at Pleasantville, N. Y., under the care of Dr. M. A. Howe. Capsules were 
produced by both these plants. Of the 65 capsules on L no. 1 in 1917, 16 
contained no seeds, 17 contained one seed each, and the highest number of 
seeds in any capsule was 17. In 1917 a total of 53 capsules matured on the 
plant L no. 2. As shown in table 1, the number of seeds per capsule for 
this plant was also low, although all but three of the capsules contained 
some fully matured seeds. 
In 1918 both plants produced capsules quite as in 1917, but the capsules 
on L no. 2 were somewhat more numerous than in the previous year though 
still constituting a small proportion of the entire number of flowers. 
The capsules produced by these two plants were distributed irregularly 
but rather indiscriminately throughout the flowering branches. Self- 
fertilization appeared to be effected with the same frequency and efficiency 
throughout the flowering period. No very decided seasonal differences 
appeared in respect to the proportional number of flowers which matured 
