490 
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 
[Vol. io, 
are setaceous, or broader and striate. The flowers are racemose, the 
racemes are either terminal, with or without smaller racemes in the upper 
axils, or apparently opposite the leaves, or rarely axillary. The individual 
flowers are usually i'n cluste-rs of 2-6 at each node of the peduncle. The 
calyx is campanulate, furnished with a more or less developed disk; the 
lobes are five, either subequal or the lowest one longer, the upper two usually 
more or less united. The petals are clawed; the blade of the banner is sub- 
orbicular, more or less sericeous without; the blades of the wings are oblong 
or obliquely obovate, slightly coherent with the keel, with a more or less 
developed basal auricle; the keel-petals are more strongly lunate with a 
larger basal auricle. The stamens are usually partly monadelphous, the 
uppermost filament at first free from the staminal sheath at the base, adnate 
to it at the middle, and often separating from it later. The ovary is sessile, 
many-ovuled, the styles inflexed or incurved, somewhat horny at the base, 
most commonly glabrous, the stigma terminal. The pod is sessile, flat, 
2-valved, many-seeded. 
Illustration: Plate XXXIII B. Cracca virginiana L., X 2/3; 1. calyx, 
2. staminal sheath, 3. pistil, 4. banner, 5. wing, 6. keel-petal, 7. pod, X 1; 
8. pod in cross-section, 9. seed, X 2. 
The genus was first established in Linnaeus’ Flora Zeylanica 1747. The 
first species described both in this book and in Species Plantarum is C. villosa, 
which must be regarded as the type. 
Synonyms: 
Brissonia Neck. Elem. 3: 36. 1790. No type was given, but the genus was 
based on ‘‘some species of Galega L.” [Necker’s reference indicated 
the 14th edition of Linnaeus’ Systema Vegetabilium.] The first botanist 
to assign species in the genus was Desvaux (Jour. Bot. 3: 78. 1814), 
who proposed B. trapesicarpa, B. stipularis, and B. coronillaefolia, but 
none of these are found in Linnaeus’ work named above. De Candolle 
(Prod. 2: 249. 1825) adopted Brissonia as a section under Tephrosia. 
Of this section apparently T. toxicaria Pers. should be regarded as the 
type. 
Reineria Moench, Meth. Suppl. 44. 1802. Type: R. reflexa. 
Thephrosia Pers. Syn. PI. 2: 328. 1807. It was based on 39 species, with¬ 
out definite type. The first species is T. ftlifolia , but the type ought to 
be sought in the second and larger division with pinnate leaves. 
Kiesera Reinw. Syll. PI. Nov. 2: 11. 1828. Type: K. sericea Reinw., 
which is supposed to be the same as Tephrosia Candida DC. 
Apodynomene E. Meyer, Conn. PI. Afr. Aust. 111. 1835. Typ e:E.grandi- 
flora (Pers.) E. Meyer, based on Tephrosia grandifiora Pers. This is 
the first and best known species. 
Catacline Edgew. Jour. As. Soc. Beng. 16: 1214. 1847. Type: C. sericea 
Edgew. 
Macronyx Dalz. Hook. Kew Jour. 2: 35. 1850. Type: M. strigosus, which 
is close to if not identical with Tephrosia tenuis Wall. Perhaps this 
should be excluded from the synonyms of Cracca. 
