Nov., 1923 ] 
HITCHCOCK — TYPE SPECIES 
513 
from these four as they represent Linnaeus’ original concept of the genus 
and there is nothing to show that the concept was altered in the Species 
Plantarum, except by enlargement. Of these four, one, A. spicata, is now 
referred to Trisetum. In my account of the Genera of Grasses I selected 
A. caespitosa as the type. The historic development was different. The 
last-mentioned species was taken out as the type of Deschampsia and the 
other species were referred to other genera, leaving in Aira, as commonly 
accepted, only A. praecox and A. caryophyllea, species not found in the Flora 
Lapponica. In this case my application of the type method gives a result 
contrary to current usage. 
Leucadendron contains 13 original species, and Protea contains two. 
In the Index Kewensis all the original species of Leucadendron are referred 
to Pro tea, and the two species of Pro tea are referred to Leucadendron. Both 
genera are accepted as valid, but neither, as accepted, contains any of its 
original species. An application of the type method will seriously disturb 
two large genera. Leucadendron and Protea are included in the list of 
conserved names of the International Rules. 
The purpose has been to show that the rules as given in the Type-basis 
Code for the typification of genera when concretely applied do not result in 
any startling upheaval of nomenclature or radical changes in the application 
of generic names. The few cases mentioned at the end, only six percent 
of the list, would require special attention under any set of rules. 
The 72 genera in which there are more than one original species are 
grouped below, each with its type species as selected according to the 
method outlined. The first four groups are coordinate and the sequence 
has no significance. 
Specific name officinalis , vulgaris , communis , or sativus. 
Group 1. 
Jasminum officinale 
Syringa vulgaris 
. Veronica officinalis 
Gratiola officinalis 
Pinguicula vulgaris 
Utricularia vulgaris 
Verbena officinalis 
Salvia officinalis 
Valeriana officinalis 
Crocus sativus 
Gladiolus communis 
Commelina communis 
Group 2. The type an economic species. 
Piper nigrum 
Saccharum officinarum 
Panicum miliaceum 
Phleum pratense 
Alopecurus pratensis 
Agrostis stolonifera 
Poa pratensis 
Dactylis glomerata 
Avena sativa 
Lolium perenne 
Secale cereale 
Hordeum vulgare 
Triticum aestivum 3 
3 Triticum aestivum and T. hybernum are equally eligible. 
