Dec., 1923] 
CAMPBELL-AUSTRALASIAN BOTANICAL NOTES 
529 
very different picture from the mixed rain-forest of the same district, with 
its trees loaded with epiphytes, the trunks sometimes completely hidden 
by the dense masses of creepers and epiphytic growths. 
While the undergrowth in the white-pine forest, especially where there 
is much standing water, is scanty, there are all degrees between this con¬ 
dition and the heavy undergrowth of the mixed Taxad rain-forest. 
Text Fig. 6 . Westland rain-forest. Photographed by Dr. L. Cockayne. 
This mixed Taxad forest of Westland is one of extraordinary luxuriance. 
The vegetation is entirely evergreen in character, and the profusion of 
lianas and epiphytes, and the magnificent development of tree-ferns, give 
the impression of a true tropical jungle. This impression is not lessened 
when the character of the vegetation is more closely analyzed; for a large 
proportion of the trees and shrubs are related to tropical types, rather than 
to those of more temperate latitudes. To the northern botanist it comes as 
a genuine surprise to see a forest of this character in latitudes corresponding, 
in the United States, to that of Buffalo or Milwaukee. 
The two most important trees are Podocarpus dacrydioides, already 
mentioned, and Dacrydium cupressinum, a beautiful tree with drooping 
cypress-like branches. 
While there are no palms, like the Nikau of the North Island, their place 
is taken by the magnificent tree-ferns, which are everywhere abundant and 
often 30-40 feet high. The most common is Dicksonia squarrosa, a much 
