6 PALLAS’ DIPPER. 
i 
Pallas’ Dipper is longer than the common species, measuring 
eight and a half inches. The bill is perfectly similar, and three 
quarters of an inch long, blackish, paler beneath and on the 
edges. The whole bird without any exception is of a dark 
grayish slate-colour, with the base of the plumage somewhat 
lighter; at the superior orbit is a slight indication of whitish. 
The uniform general colour is somewhat darker on the head, and 
a shade lighter beneath. The wings are three and a half inches 
long, as in the genus; the coverts and tertials slightly pipped 
with dingy whitish; the primaries incline somewhat to brown. 
The tail measures one inch and a half, and is perfectly even. 
The feet are of a flesh-colour, and the nails dusky white; the 
tarsus is precisely one inch long. 
If we could rely on Brehm, four species of this genus exist, 
which are all found in the old continent. Two are new ones 
proposed by himself, under the names of Cinclus septentrionalis and 
Cmclus melanogaster. The latter, according to him, is a Siberian 
species, appearing occasionally on the northern coast of European 
Russia in winter, and is perhaps a genuine species, easily distin¬ 
guished from the Cinclus aquations by having but ten feathers in 
the tail, whilst all others have twelve, in addition to its smaller 
size, darker colour, and dingy throat; but the former can hardly 
be regarded even as a northern variety produced by climate. 
Mr. Brehm is probably quite correct in observing that both his 
new species are perfectly similar to the old one. 
