ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA. Rubus. 
627 
purple. The whole plant has a darker hue than that of R. corylifolius. 
Anderson, in Linn. Tr. xi. R. Nessensis. Hall. Tr. R. Soc. Edin. iii. 
Not of rare occurrence, growing chiefly among loose stones, by way sides, 
or at the foot of rocks in upland exposed situations. Anderson. E.) 
Hazel-leaved Bramble. (Welsh: Mwyarllwyn cyllddail. E.) R. coryli¬ 
folius. Anderson in Linn. Tr. v. 11. Sm. Hook. Grev. R. fruticosus 
major. With. Ed. 3 and 4. Hedges, thickets, and moors, frequent in 
England, Scotland, and Wales. In Norfolk, generally intermixed with 
R. fruticosus. 
R. fruticosus. (Leaves of three to five petiolated leafits, hoary be¬ 
neath ; angles of the stem armed with hooked prickles; segments 
of the calyx reflexed. E.) 
(E. Rot . 715— FI. Dan. 1163. E.)— Mill. III .— Schmid. 2 —Black w: 45. 7— 
Kniph. 5— Matth. 1009— Dod. 742. 1— Lob. Ohs. 619. 1. Ic. ii. 211. 2— 
Ger. Em. 1272. I—Park. 101 3—Fuchs. 152 —Trag. 970— Ger. 1089. 2— 
J. B. ii. 59. 1— Lonic. i. 41. 1. 
Stem angular, purplish, very long, with runners often several times the 
height of a man in length, spreading and climbing far and wide, and some¬ 
times striking root. Prickles alternate, strong, bowed back. Leaves , the 
lower five-fingered, the upper three-fingered, and sometimes simple or 
with two or three lobes. Petals flaccid, white, or purplish. Stems al¬ 
ways angular. Prickles always strong and hooked. Leafits usually ellip¬ 
tical, sometimes oval-spear-shaped, serrated, dark green above, white 
with a close down underneath, sometimes, though rarely, only hairy, and 
then pale green ; the middlemost on a leaf-stalk, the next pair on short 
leaf-stalks, the lower on shorter leaf-stalks, and sometimes sessile. 
Woodw. Prickles broad at the base and flatted. Fruit black. (. Leaves 
durable. E.) 
Var. 2. ( Fructu albo. E.) Fruit white. Bark and leaves of a pleasant green. 
Hedge near Oxford. Bobart in R. Syn. 467. 2. 
Common Bramble. Blackberry. (Irish : Driseog'. Welsh : Mwyaren 
ddu. E.) Hedges and woods. (In sequestered denes of the north of 
England, even at a height of 2,000 feet, this and one or two other hardy 
species may be observed, where they become all but evergreens. Winch. 
Geog. Distr. E.) S. June—Sept.* 
* The berries, when ripe, are black, and do not eat amiss with wine ; (they are rendered 
more palatable by being mixed with the juice of sloes. An excellent rob may be pre¬ 
pared from them, particularly grateful as a sub-acid in catarrhs and sore-throats. In dy¬ 
sentery the berries exsiccated in a moderate oven, and afterwards reduced to powder, which 
may be kept in well-closed bottles, are esteemed an efficacious remedy ; as are the roots of 
another species, according to the practice of the Oneida Indians ; it might, therefore, be 
worth while to attend to the qualities of the roots of our English Bramble. E.) The 
green twigs are of great use in dying woollens, silk, and mohair, black. Cows and horses 
eat it. Sheep are not fond of it. Linn. Three horses refused it. Silk-worms will some¬ 
times feed upon the leaves in defect of those of the mulberry. Stokes. (Blackberries are 
extremely attractive to children, and the gathering of them affords a favourite recreation, 
when, 
-“ Duly eager of the tempting store, 
Adventurous hands the thorny maze explore.” 
The long and strong briers make the best standards for boys’ kites ; and, in times of better 
feeling, when the disgusting traffic of the body-snatcher was an unheard-of enormity, were 
considered a sufficient security for binding the sod over rustic graves; from which even to 
have gathered a flower, planted by the hand of affection, would have been deemed a profana- 
