ICOSANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA. Pyrus. 
601 
and even above; white, cottony and veiny beneath. Footstalks short, 
downy. Stipulas in pairs, tapering-, chesnut-coloured, smooth; fringed 
at the edges. Flower-stalks downy, from the same buds as the leaves, 
and always shorter than them. Bracteas minute, red, lanceolate, acute. 
Flowers drooping, pale red. Fruit finally turning black, mealy, taste¬ 
less. 
Dwarf Quince-leaved Medlar. Cotoneaster vulgaris . Lindl. in Linn. 
Tr. vol. xiii. Discovered on the limestone cliffs of the Great Ormshead, 
Carnarvonshire, in various places, by Mr. W. Wilson in 1825 ; particu¬ 
larly near Llandudno, growing on the shelves of the rocks which incline 
to the north, in the vicinity of the New Mine. Sm. Hook. E.) S. July.* 
PY'RUS.f Cal. superior, five-cleft: Petals five : ( Pomum with 
two to five membranous, bivalved capsules: Seeds two. 
E.) 
P. commu'nis. Leaves entire, serrated, smooth: flowers forming a 
corymb. 
Blackw. 453 —( E. Bot. 1784. E.)— Matth. 251— Lob. Obs. 590. 2— Ger.Em. 
1457— Park. 1500. 1 and2—Dod. 800 —Ger.Fm. 1456— Ger. 1267 to 1270 
-— Louie, i. 11— Trag. 1045— Gasrt. t. 87. 
Blossom white. (A tall tree; main branches upright, the smaller ones 
curving downwards : the younger leaves clothed with an evanescent wool¬ 
liness. Leaf-scales strap-shaped. Corymb hairy. Fruit tapering to¬ 
wards the base, hard, acerb. FI. Brit. E.) 
Wild Pear-Tree. Iron Pear. (Welsh: Rhwning-bren; Gellyg-bren; 
N. W. Per-bren. S. W. P. Achras. Gasrt. E.) Woods and hedges. 
T. April—May.J 
* (The roots of this shrub running very deep in the earth, it has been recommended by 
Linnaeus for making low-hedges, in dry broken ground: but Hooker states that it is liable 
to be browsed by sheep. E.) 
(According to De Theis, derived from the Celtic Peren ; whence the Anglo-Saxon 
Pere, the English Pear , and French Poire. E.) 
$ The Pear-tree loves a fertile soil and sloping ground ; but will not thrive well in moist 
bottoms. It stands the severest winters and does not destroy the grass. The wood is light, 
smooth, and compact; it is used by turners, and to make joiners’ tools; and for picture-frames 
to be stained black, it is particularly valuable. The leaves afford a yellow die, and may be used 
to give a green to blued cloths. The fruit is so austere (as to be relished only, like other crudi¬ 
ties, by hedge-hogs and swine; E.) but, when cultivated, highly grateful, (as is proved by the 
more than hundred varieties of excellent pears which all originate from this: and distinguished 
as summer, autumn, and winter fruit, afford a grateful supply throughout the year. E.) The 
juice of the fruit fermented is called Perry, large quantities of which are raised in Worcester¬ 
shire and Herefordshire for that purpose. The Squash, the Oldfield, and the Barland Perrys 
are reckoned the best, and are little inferior to wine. (The superior excellence of French 
pears is supposed to arise, not altogether from advantages cf climate, but partly from a 
practice which ought to be adopted by British pomonists, viz. the grafting on a quince 
stock : which has the property of stunting the growth of pears, of forcing them to produce 
bearing branches instead of sterile ones, and of accelerating the maturity of the fruit. 
According to a report in “ Annaies de Cliimie,” tom. 68, by M. Dubuc, sugar has been 
prepared in France both from pears and apples, which are found to yield about, one ounce 
of sugar from each pound weight of the fruit, and which might be afforded where pears 
and apples cost not more than one shilling the hundred weight, for about twopence per 
pound. Near the parsonage house an Horn Lacy, a seat of the Duke of Norfolk, in 
Herefordshire, the Rev. R. Warner observed a most remarkable Pear Tree, covering nearly 
