666 
POLYANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Tilia 
Var. 2. Leaves unequally serrated: fruit cottony: cells five. DuRoi. 
Small-leaved Lime or Linden Tree. Bast. T. cordata. Mill. Du 
Roi. Essex, Sussex, and Lincolnshire. Ray. (We incline to think 
seventy feet long:—also another in Cobham park, at the base measuring twenty-eight feet, 
and ninety feet in height. The recollection of our readers will readily refer to several 
spacious areas in English towns adorned with these trees, (and to St. James’s Park, planted 
at the suggestion of Evelyn,) in the manner so much admired in Holland and Flanders. 
This species prevails more generally in Germany and the Netherlands, whence it is sup¬ 
posed to have been introduced into England, temp. Eliz. In regard to its claim to be 
strictly indigenous of Britain, we consider it may rank among the dubia, as the Chesnut 
and some others. A Lime tree in the immediate vicinity of Newstadt was for many ages 
so remarkable as to occasion that city to be called Newstadt ander grossen Linden ,” and 
to attract the attention of many illustrious visitors, who have left tokens of their admira¬ 
tion. The celebrated Lime of Cleves was also of great magnificence. In the middle of the 
tree was cut a room of considerable dimensions, while the external parts were most cu¬ 
riously trimmed and tortured in the highest style of genuine Dutch taste. Peculiarly 
attractive is the Lime, 
- t( at eve 
Diffusing odours.” 
Not, however, limited in this respect to any particular hour, but rather by the soft humi¬ 
dity which then pervades the atmosphere, and proves a favourable medium. 
“ Nor undelightful is the ceaseless hum 
To him who muses: ” 
Nor yet uninstructive; for there do countless animated atoms, impelled by instinct alone, 
impart lessons of wisdom to the higher prerogative, and, with unceasing toil, mock the best 
efforts of human industry. The Lime tree supports Sphinx Tiliw; Phalcena lanestris, 
dispar, antiqua, Psi , Encephala ; Aphis TiliceAcarus telarius ; (Geometra Alniaria, 
and G. erosaria. The galls on the leaves are often the nidus of Curculio contractus, 
though similar excrescences are more frequently occasioned by different species of Cynips . 
Few trees are more subject to honey-dew than the Lime. Especially in sultry seasons 
the leaves become enveloped in a viscous substance, (which, stopping up the pores, proves 
extremely injurious), and loaded with black Aphides. The most accurate history of this 
phenomenon will be found in Linn.Tr. vol. vi. Mr. Curtis therein proves that the egesta of 
various species of Aphides will fully account for the glutinous and saccharine liquid so 
frequently observable on the leaves of Lime trees, certain kinds of Willow, Hops, and other 
plants ; refuting the erroneous ideas of this kind of blight being occasioned by any peculiar 
state of the atmosphere, or by clouds of insects conveyed by a prevalent wind. A single 
female Aphis will produce nearly one hundred young ones, which quickly take possession 
of the under surface of leaves, and with a pointed instrument of proboscis construction 
pierce the plant and imbibe the vital juices for their own support. The sweet and viscous 
liquid voided on the superior surfaces of the leaves below affords a welcome repast to flies, 
ants, wasps, and other insects, but not to bees, who appear decidedly to prefer extracting 
for themselves more genuine honey from the fragrant flowers. The clammy matter 
appearing on the upper surface of the foliage may account for the vulgar supposition and 
name of Honey-dew, as descending from the atmosphere. Aphides abound in hot dry 
seasons. Mr. Curtis insists that there never exists any honey-dew but where there are 
Aphides; and that accumulated saccharine substance, and no other cause, occasions the sooty 
appearance, sometimes mistaken for a black mildew. Heavy rains may mechanically 
remove the Aphides, but that they are not readily destroyed, even by immersion in water 
for a length of time, has been experimentally proved. In stoves fumigation with tobacco- 
smoke will kill them, but in the open air artificial remedies are seldom applicable, and this 
scourge of the vegetable kingdom must be left to the natural destroyer the Coccinella , or 
Lady-bird, (who, though a favourite with many, has been too little valued for her important 
services,) and the Ichneumon Aphidum, who does not destroy as the former insect, primarily 
by devouring, but by puncturing the body of the Aphis, and therein depositing its own egg. 
This quickly hatches to a small larva , which feeds on the substance of the Aphis, till, having- 
consumed the interior, it changes to a chrysalis, and ultimately escapes from the usurped 
