658 POLYANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Cisti3s. 
Leicester’s woods at Denham near Barrow, Suffolk. Sir T. G. Cullum. 
Bot. Guide. White Wood near Gamlingay, Cambridgeshire. Rev. R. 
Relhan. By the river on the side of Garregwen rocks, near Garn, Den¬ 
bighshire. Mr. Griffith. E.) 
Var. 3. Fruct. hexang. Fruit six-cornered. 
Whitstable, Surry, and near Darking. Merret. 
Var. 4. Fruct. quadrang. Fruit four-cornered: small branches red : leaves 
with a soft woolliness. Ray. 
Red Lime Tree. T. corallina. Sm. T. grandfolia. Ehrh. Stoken 
Church Wood. Ray. 
(It has been attempted to designate several species of British Tilia, as 
T. Europcea, grandifolia, and parvifolia, but the characteristics are 
supposed to vary into each other. In the second above named, Schkuhr 
represents the stamina as polyadelphous, and the lobes of the stigma 
converging: in the third species the stamens as unconnected, and the 
lobes of the stigma diverging. In both, the number of cells of the 
capsule is inconstant, according to Persoon. E.) 
CIS'TUS.* Bloss. five petals: Cal. five leaves, two of them 
smaller : Caps, from one to ten-celled: from three to 
ten-valved, opening at the apex. E.) 
(1) Shrub-like; without stipulce. 
C. (marifo'lius. E.) Stems decumbent at the base: leaves hairy, 
opposite, oblong, flat, hoary beneath, flowers in bunches. 
Hook. FI. Lond. 171— E. Rot. 396. E.)—Dill. Elth. 145. 173 —J. B. ii. 18. 
Stems numerous, (three to six inches high. E.) Flowering branches ascend¬ 
ing, hairy. Leaves egg-shaped, blunt, sessile, green on both sides but 
covered with white hairs. Bunches terminal, of three or four flowers, with 
small spear-shaped floral leaves. Woodw. Petals four or five, inversely 
egg-shaped, very entire. Flowers yellow, small. Calyx hairy. Style 
knee-jointed. This plant is liable to vary in hairiness according to 
situation. Hook. E.) 
Hoary Dwarf Cistus. C. marifolius. Linn. C. hirsutus. Huds. C. an- 
glicus. Linn. Mant. With. Ed. 3. E.) Mountainous pastures and 
rocks. On the west side of Bentham Bank, one mile from Kendal; 
resembling the juice of liquorice. Pliny informs us that chaplets worn at the Roman 
feasts were interwoven with the flexible twigs of the Tilia, and Eellonius states that the 
Grecians employed the wood for making bottles, which were usually lined with rosin. It 
was one of the papyraceous trees of the ancients, the Philira ; and a work of Cicero written 
on the inner bark is preserved in the library at Vienna. The Lime tree contains a gummy 
juice, which being repeatedly boiled and clarified, produces a substance like sugar. 
Missa, the French physician, pounding the fruit of Lime trees obtained a butyraceous 
substance much resembling chocolate. This experiment was repeated by Margraff with 
equal success, and probably some of the American species may yield a produce more 
completely similar. Ventenat. Dr. Swediaur recommends an infusion of water prepared 
from the fragrant blossoms of the Lime as an antispasmodic. Hoffman reports its suc¬ 
cess in curing an inveterate epilepsy. E.) Indeed, so numerous are the valuable purposes 
to which this tree may be applied, that “ Tilia; ad mille usus petendae ” became pro¬ 
verbial even in the days of Pliny. E.) 
* (From cista, a cist, or little chest; the seeds being thus enclosed in the capsule. E.) 
