POLYANDRIA. POLYGYN1A. Cai.tha. 687 
between Congersbury and Backw,ell, Somersetshire. Bath Hills, near 
Bungay. Mr. Woodward. Woods in Tortworth Park, Gloucestershire. 
Mr. Baker. (Rockingham Forest, Northamptonshire, c immon. Mr. Pitt. 
Lanes at Campsall, near Doncaster. Teesdale. Woods in Allondale, 
Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Bot. Guide. Side of Jack’s Green, Sheps- 
combe, Painswick. Mr. O. Roberts. Studley Castle, Dunnington and 
Arrow, Warwickshire. Purton. All over the High-wood and Coney croft- 
hanger, near Selborne. White’s Nat. Hist. Near Tyfry, Anglesey. 
Welsh Bot. Banks of the Clyde at Blantyre Priory. Hop kirk. E.) 
P. Jan.—April.* 
CAL/THA.+ Calyx none: Petals five : Nectaries none : Cap - 
sales several, many-seeded. 
C. palus'tris. (Stem erect: leaves cordate, suborbicular, obtusely 
crenate. E.) 
(E. Bot. 506. E.)— Kniph. 7— Munt. Phyt. 436. 122— Curt. — FI. Ban. 668 
—Matth. 84 6—Clus. ii. 114. I—Bod. 598. 1 —Lob. Obs. 323. 2, and Ic. i. 
594. l—Ger. Em. 817. 1 —Trap;. 142—<7. B. iii. 470 —Louie, i. 88. 3— 
Park. 1213. 1— Ger. 670. 2 and 1— Wale. 
Leaves kidney-shaped, entire, sometimes veined and regularly toothed. 
Petals bright yellow, five to seven. Stamens in two rows, inner row with 
broad anthers, outer row twice as long, club-shaped, with the anthers 
compressed. ( Flowers several, large, showy, pedunculate. E.) ( Stem 
half a foot or more in height, but little branched, more or less upright, 
furrowed, smooth, stout, succulent.) Blossoms occasionally double, as 
represented in 
Park. 1213. 2— Clus. ii. 114. 9,—Ger. Em. 818. 3— Ger. 681. 3. 
Marsh Marigold. Meadow-rout. (In Scotland, Gowans.) (Irish: 
Duilliur Spuink. Welsh: Troed yr ebol; Gold , nea Rhuddos y gors. 
Gaelic: A’chorra-shod. E.) Moist Meadows. Banks of rivers and pools, 
common. P. April—May.J 
* The dried leaves are frequently given to children to destroy worms, (and have been 
recommended in different species of mania. E.) but they must be used sparingly, being 
violent in their operation ; and instances of their fatal effects are recorded. (The powdered 
roots mixed with meal destroy mice. E.) Country people put the root into setons made 
through the dewlaps of oxen, (with the expectation of drawing off or relieving by the 
discharge, murrain or any other disease of cattle, a very ancient practice, recorded by 
Absyrtus and Hierocles. E.) A decoction of one or two drachms operates as a drastic pur¬ 
gative. (Mr. Purton never could increase the dose of powdered leaves beyond ten grains 
without considerable disturbance in the intestinal canal ; nor can the same quantity of the 
fresh-dried plant be exceeded with any degree of safety. Mid. FI, H. niger of the ancients, 
(described by Sibthorp in FI. Grasc. as H. officinalis, t. 523) according to Dioscorides, 
Pliny, and other authorities, appears to have possessed yet more powerful qualities, and 
was celebrated as an antimaniacal remedy. Experience may be too dearly purchased by 
trials of herbs so alarming in their effects as are even the British species of Hellebore, or 
it might be regretted that medical practitioners have acquired so little accurate knowledge 
of their virtues. The different species of Hellebore flourish under the shade of trees, and 
exhibit their singular blossoms during the most steril season. They are therefore accept¬ 
able in shrubberies, especially the Christmas Rose , supposed by some to be the real Black 
Hellebore of the ancients. E.) 
+ (From cnlathus, a little basket; which the expanded flower somewhat resembles. E.) 
$ The flowers gathered before they expand, and preserved in salted vinegar, are a good 
substitute for capers. The juice of the petals, boiled with a little aluiji, stains paper 
VOL. II{. H 
