752 TETRADYNAMIA. SILICULOSA. Isatis. 
mouth; Lulworth cove, and many other places on that coast. Abundant 
on the sand hills of the Lincolnshire coast. Sir J. Banks. Also at Mun- 
desley, Norfolk. Sir J. E. Smith. (Near Bodowen mill, Anglesey. Welsh 
Bot. Near Fast Castle, Berwickshire. Lightfoot. On the cliffs of the 
Dover coast; and in similar situations of Devonshire very frequent, 
where it has long been used by the inhabitants as an agreeable escu¬ 
lent, the young shoots, nearly buried beneath the sand, being white, 
tender, and sweet. E.) P. May—June.* 
DSATiS.f Pouch entire, bordered, oval-spear-shaped, com¬ 
pressed, one-celled, one-seeded, crowned by the style. 
I. TiNCTohiiA. Boot-leaves scolloped: stem-leaves arrow-shaped, en¬ 
tire : (pouch abrupt, smooth, thrice as long as broad. Sm. E.) 
Cultivated.— Fuchs. 332— J. B. ii. 909. 2— Matth. 635— Bod. 79. 2— Lob . 
Obs. 190. 1. and Ic, i. 352. 1— Ger. Em. 491. 2— Pet. 48. 9. 
Wild.— E. Bot. 97 —Fuchs. 331 —J. B. ii. 909. 1— Matth. 634— Bod. 79. 1 
— Lob. Obs. 189, and Ic. i. 351. 2— Ger. Em. 491. 1— Park. 600. 3— Trag. 
256— Ger. 394— H. Ox. iii. 15. 10 and 11— Blackw. 246— Lonic. i. 149. 1. 
Pouches on slender fruit-stalks, hanging down. Woodw. (chesnut-coloured, 
shining. E.) Stem branched, woody, (two feet high, wand-like, leafy, 
smooth, panicled. E.) Leaves (glaucous, E-) the uppermost strap- 
spear-shaped. Calyx yellow. Petals notched at the end, yellow. 
Pouches chesnut-coloured, (shining. E.) 
Woad. (Irish: Gurmiu. Glastum sativum. Ger. Bay. G.sylvestre. Ger. 
Em. Isatis sylvestris. Fuchs. Matth. Gamer. Sehreb. J. tinctoria. Linn. 
E.) Corn-fields, and borders of corn-fields, but rare. Hudson. New 
Barnes near Ely. Belhan. By the river Wear, near Durham. Mr. Bob- 
son. (In a field at Barton Bendish, Norfolk, where it is never known to 
have been cultivated. Bev. B. Forby. By the church at Long Reach, 
Kent. Martyn. Banks of the Wear, between Framwell Gate and New 
Bridges, Durham. Mr. Winch. E.) B. June—July-t 
* The young and tender leaves are boiled as cabbage, but when full grown and green 
they are tough, and occasion giddiness. (It is frequently cultivated in gardens, and 
blanched, and may be readily protected from the severest coid by a covering of sand, or an 
inverted garden pot, with litter. By forcing, it may be supplied for the table from 
November till May: and proves an excellent substitute for asparagus; also an useful 
ingredient in soups.—It was introduced into Covent-garden by the late Mr. Curtis, (who 
had observed it about Barnstaple), in 1792. We are informed by Sir J. Banks, that this 
plant has been seen in the Orkneys on sand incapable of bearing any other crop, and has 
been proved to furnish food for sheep. Horses, cows, goats, and swine also eat it. E.) 
•J* (From the ancient Greek name hrocTtg ; the meaning of which seems to be lost; but 
it has been invariably connected with the Glastum and Vitrum of the Romans, supposed to 
mean our Wood. E.) 
f Woad is much used by the dyers for its blue colour, and as a mordant for many other 
colours. It is cultivated in Bedfordshire, some parts of Northamptonshire, and Somerset¬ 
shire, especially in the country around Keynshatn, (remarkable also for its beds of Cornu- 
Ammonis , or snake-stones, those “ headless coils ” which have racked the invention of 
superstition itself wherever found), whence after being steeped in vats of water, the green 
fecula deposited at the bottom is washed, made into cakes, and sent to distant manufac¬ 
turers. Woad requires to be raised on fresh land in good heart, and being an exhausting 
crop, a high rent is expected. The ground will not admit of being sown with Woad more 
than twice, a third crop rarely paying the necessary expenses. Hence the gangs of people 
called Woaders, who make the culture of this herb their peculiar employment, never stay 
