796 MONADELPHIA. TRIANDRIA. Junipekus, 
combe Hill, Worcestershire. Purton. Near Stye-head, Cumberland. Mr. 
Wood. Cefn y Ferywen, (Juniper bank,) Llanidan parish, Anglesey. Welsh 
Bot. Abundant on the Pentland Hills. Dr. Greville. On the edges of 
Shakspeare’s Cliff, and other high precipices overhanging the sea 
between Dover and Folkstone. E.) S. May.* 
* Juniper may be found either in fertile or barren soils ; on bills or in valleys : in 
open sandy plains, or in moist and close woods. On the sides of hills its trunk grows 
long ; but on the tops of rocky mountains and on bogs it is little more than a shrub. 
Linn.—(“ A great deal of it grows by the side of the road, between the General’s Hut and 
Inverness, and indeed many of the neighbouring hills are almost covered with it: a ship 
load of the berries used annually to be sent from hence to Holland.” Garnett’s Tour. E.) 
—It is easily transplanted, and bears cropping. Grass will not grow beneath it, but 
Avena pratensis destroys it. The wood is hard and durable, (red, and employed for 
veneering. E.) The bark may be made into ropes. The berries are two years in 
ripening. When bruised, they afford a pleasant diuretic liquor, but it is not easy to prevent 
its becoming sour. It is esteemed a good antiscorbutic, and affords occasional relief in 
nephritic complaints. The Swedes prepare an extract from the berries which is sometimes 
eaten for breakfast, but it is fitter for a medicine than for food. The spirit impregnated 
with the essential oil of these berries is every where known by the name of Gin, or Juniper 
water. (Gin, (contracted from Geneva, and that a corruption of genevre, French for a 
Juniper berry, primarily originating in the gallantry of Ariosto, who thus commemorated 
the name of his favourite fair, and in the same spirit was induced to prefer this humble 
shrub even before the laurel and the bay: 
4< Quell’ arboscel, die in le solinghe rive 
A l’aria spiega i rami orridi ed irti, 
Ed’ odor vince i pin*, gli abeti, ei mirti, 
E lieto e verde al caldo, e al ghiaccio vive. 
11 nome ha di colei, che mi prescrive 
Termine e leggi a’travagliati spirti 
Da cui seguir non potran Scille o Sirti; 
Ritrarmi, o le brumali ore, o lo estive;)” 
is properly a malt liquor, distilled a second time, with the addition of Juniper berries. 
Formerly the berries were added to the malt in grinding; but latterly they are omitted 
entirely, and the spirits are distilled with oil of Turpentine to give them a flavour; 
which, though it nearly resembles that of Juniper berries, has none of their valuable virtues, 
so that this deleterious compound, 
<c Brew’d in hell’s black pandemonia,” 
too often proves a deadly potion to the drunkard; polluting both soul and body. In 
countries where Juniper abounds, (Brookes records the practice as still prevalent in Nor¬ 
way and Sweden), the sprays are preferred, on account of the agreeable odour they diffuse 
when trodden under foot, for strewing over the floors of apartments ; and are also supposed 
to promote sleep. Boccacio alludes to such a custom as essential to paradisiacal enjoy¬ 
ment ; and in former ages, though rushes were commonly thus used throughout England, 
the Juniper was reserved as a luxury for high festivals, or the more opulent. Nevertheless 
Virgil warns us against trusting to the seductive influence of the 
ie Juniperi gravis umbra; ” 
•- Juniper's sweet shade, whose leaves around 
Fragrance diffuse, at eve are noxious found.” Eel. x. E.) 
The berries sometimes appear in a monstrous or distorted form, the leaves of the calyx 
grow double the usual size ; approaching, but not closing ; and the three petals fit exactly 
close, so as to keep the air from the Tipuliz Junipcra , which inhabit them. (De Geer 
describes this singular excrescence as resembling a flower, and also attributes it to the 
operation of Cecidomyice or Tipulce,. E.) Gum Sandarach, more commonly called Pounce , 
for rubbing^ on paper to prevent the ink sinking through, is the product of this tree. 
Horses, sheep, and goats eat it. (Thrushes and grous feed on the berries. E.) Cimcx 
