882 
SYNGENESIA. yEQUALIS. Sonchus. 
firm, cylindrical, scored, usually purplish, much branched; with scat-* 
. tered, stiff, thorn-like hairs. Leaves heart-spear-shaped, waved at the 
edge, set with sharp stiff hairs, particularly on the edge and mid-rib. 
Flowers solitary, on fruit-stalks. Fruit-stalks somewhat thickening up¬ 
wards. Calyx , leaves of the outer heart-shaped, taper-pointed, ending 
in a sharp awn, very much expanding, fringed with stiff hairs ; scales of 
the inner fringed on the back. Down the length of the inner calyx, on a 
foot-stalk three or four lines long. Seeds shining, beautiful when magni¬ 
fied. Woodw. Blossom golden yellow, about an inch broad. 
Bristly Ox-tongue. (Welsh: Gwylaeth chwcrw; Tafod y llew. IIel- 
mint i a Echioides . Willd. E.) Borders of corn-fields, on clayey soil. 
A. July—Aug.* 
F. Hiekacioi'des. (Calyx loose, outer scales much shorter than the 
inner: leaves lanceolate; radical ones toothed: down sessile: 
stem hirsute. E.) 
E. Bot. 196— Ger. 234. 8 —Ger. Em. 298. 7 —J.B. ii. 1029. 2. 
( Plant darker green than the preceding species, hairy, but not bristly. E.) 
Stem (about three feet high, branched, E.) firm, scored, rough with stiff 
hairs. Leaves wavy, rough, the lower on leaf-stalks, the upper sessile, 
spear-shaped, pointed, toothed; the uppermost strap-spear-shaped. 
Fruit-stalks branched, each branch bearing one flower. Calyx scarcely 
to be called double, the loose scales on the top of the fruit-stalk ap¬ 
proaching to and at length tiled with the calyx, the leaves of the inner row 
nearly strap-shaped, parallel, hairy on the outside, exactly the length of 
the feather, sessile, thinly downy. Seeds longitudinally and transversely 
furrowed. Woodw. (Flowers bright yellow, rather larger than the last. 
E.) 
Hawkweed Ox-tongue. Hedypnois Hieracioides. Huds. Borders of 
corn-fields in calcareous soil. B. July—Aug. 
SON'CHUS.f i Recept. naked : Calyx tiled, tumid at the base : 
Down hair-like. 
S. cceru'leus. Fruit-stalk and calyx hispid: leaves notched, almost 
lyrate: (terminal lobe very large, triangular. E.) 
(E. Bot. 2425. E.)— FI. Dan. 182 —Clus. ii. 147. 1 —Ger. Em. 294. 7— 
Park. 808. 1— Park. 807. 1— J.B. ii. 1006—Ger. 231. 6. 
{Stems upright, about three feet high, undivided, leafy. Leaves alternate, 
embracing the stem, notch-lyre-shaped, slightly toothed, smooth, glau¬ 
cous beneath; the upper ones strap-shaped, fringed. Flowering-hunch 
terminal, upright, solitary, hispid, reddish, covered with viscid glands. 
Bractece strap-shaped. Calyx hispid, tinged with red. Blossom purplish 
blue, twice as long as the calyx, forming a terminal cluster. Anthers red. 
Seeds compressed. Down harsh, not feathery. FI. Brit. E.) Flowers 
sometimes white. 
(Blue Sow-thistle. S. cceruleus. Cam. Epit. Sm. Hook. S. coeruleus 
latifolius. Bauh. Hist. S. alpinus. Huds. Oed. Willd. but very distinct 
from that of Linn. S. Canadensis. Linn. With. Ed. 3 and 4. Hull. Sym. 
* This is an agreeable pot-herb when young : the juice is milky, and then not too 
bitter. 
+ (According to Theophrastus the name is derived from anb tS amv £%«<!/, from its yield¬ 
ing a salubrious juice ; but to which species this distinction applies is not obvious. L.) 
