908 • SYNGENESIA. JEQUALIS. Cardbus, 
and near Moffat, Anandale. Lightfoot. On the highest rocks of Carnar¬ 
vonshire, as Clogwyn y Garnedd ; on Crib y Ddeseil, in places scarcely 
accessible. Mr. Griffith. (Castle, and near the Church at Bewcastle, 
Cumberland, Hutchinson. On Ben Lawers and Lomond, and on the 
west side of Helvellya. Mr. Winch. E.) P. Aug.—Sept. 
Var. 2. Cynoglossifolia. Leaves spear-shaped, narrow. Hall. Lightf. 
FI. Dan. 37— Dill. Eltli. 70 — Gmel. ii. 32. 
Near a rivulet on the rock Rhiw’r Glyder above the lake Llyn y Cwn 
near Llanberis, Carnarvonshire. R$y. 
CAR'DUUS.^ Calyx tumid, tiled ; scales spinous : Receptacle 
hairy : Down deciduous, capillary or feathery. 
(1) Leaves decurrent. 
C. paltjs'tris. Leaves toothed, spinous at the edge : flowers in 
bunches, upright; fruit-stalks without thorns: (down feathery. 
{E. Bot. 974. E.)— Gmel. ii. 23. 2— H. Ox. vii. 32. 13— Pet. 21. 4. 
Stem five to six feet high and upwards, upper part and branches slender 
and with few leaves. Calyx , scales woolly, green, tipped with deep 
purple, without a rib along the back, ending in a short expanding, not 
pungent, thorn ; inner pointed, without thorns. Blossom segments even 
with the anthers, shorter than the pistil. Down shorter than the blossom ; 
rays fringed with long hairs, Woodw., (feathery. E.) Blossom ptirple; 
sometimes white. 
(Marsh Thistle. Welsh : Ysgallen y gors. C. palustris. Linn. Cnicus 
palustris. Willd. Hook. Sm. Grev. E.) Marshy meadows, moist shady 
places, and wet clayey pastures. B. July.f 
* (Supposed to be derived from xeipw, a tejchnical verb denoting the operation of carding 
wool ; to which process the heads of some species are applicable. E.) 
f This and almost all the other species may be eaten like the Burdock, before the flowers 
are formed. Swine eat it; horses are very ,fond of it; cows refuse it. (The woody galls 
observable on thistles are occasioned by two-winged flies Tephritis Cardui. Thistles in ge¬ 
neral can only be considered as noxious interlopers, to be eradicated by all possible means ; 
(not being allowed to seed even by the road side ;) and for this’purpose a new method has 
been lately suggested, which, though at first view, on a broad scale, apparently little less 
whimsical than that of catching birds by putting salt on their tails, has been thought worthy 
attention by practical agriculturists, as the following extracts from the Farmer’s Journal 
evince:—“ I have no doubt that salt may be of use in destroying thistles. I have made 
several experiments, which have uniformly been attended with success. The most effectual 
way is to cut off or bruise the thistle, and then put a small portion of salt on it ; very few 
will survive this treatment.” Another correspondent confirming the above repoi't, “ A 
small quantity of common salt, taken between the finger and thumb, and pressed upon the 
centre of the thistle, will in two or three days cause the plant to turn quite black ; and in 
eight or ten days the root and every part will be destroyed. I have found this a cheap and 
certain mode of clearing land from thistles. Gne person will salt as many as four or five 
would cut up in the usual way ; and with this difference, that the salt completely destroys 
the weeds, whereas the spud merely retards them for a short period, to be ultimately more 
productive.” The same mode is equally effective with docks, nettles, &c., and as the 
mineral may now be obtained at a low price, and its application is a suitable occupation 
for children, the practice may merit more general adoption. £.) 
