914 
SYNGENESJA. iEQUALIS; Cardtjus. 
C. praten'sis. Leaves spear-shaped, irregular, and edged with un¬ 
equal prickles; cottony beneath : stem cottony, generally with 
one flower and two leaves: (calyx cottony : down feathery. E.) 
E. Bot. 177 —Pet. 22. 1— Clus. ii. 148. 1 —Ger.Em. 1183. 1— Lob. Obs. 314. 
4, and Ic. i. 583. 1 —Park. 961. 3— J. B. iii. 45. 2. 
Boot fibrous and creeping. Stem one and a half to two feet high, soft, 
cob-webbed or cottony, cylindrical, generally unbranched and supporting 
a single flower, but sometimes a branch terminated by another flower 
rises from the bosom of the upper leaf. Root-leaves four or five, oblong- 
spear-shaped, ragged at the edge, and fringed with softish prickles un¬ 
equal in size, not forming regular teeth, as represented in most of the 
figures. Stem-leaves generally two, sometimes only one, semi-aroplex- 
icaul; the upper not prickly at the edge, but terminated by a long soft 
thorn. All the leaves green, and more or less hairy above, grey and 
cottony underneath. Calyx , scales thick and strong, cob-webbed or 
cottony at the edges, terminating in a soft thorn. Blossom red. Anthers 
with five horny, yellow, spear-shaped points. Summit cylindrical, blunt, 
not notched at the end. (Mr. Woodward observes, that this plant 
varies with two, three, or even four flowers, distant, alternate. When 
more than one flower, the second overtops the terminal one. E.) 
Meadow Thistle. Single-headed Thistle. C. heterophyllvs. Lightf. 
456. Relh. 306. Cirsium Anglicum. R. Syn. 193. (C. pratensis. Huds. 
With. Ed. three and four. Hull. Sibth. FI. Brit. &c. Cnicus pratensis. 
Willd. Hook. Sm. A species wholly unknown to Linnaeus. E.) Moist 
meadows and pastures, not uncommon. Near Heydon, Norfolk. Bryant. 
Swampy meadows near Robinson’s End, Malvern Chase. Mr. Ballard. 
Meadows between Pucklechurch and Mangotsfield, plentiful. Rev. G. 
Swayne. Woods in the Isle of Wight. (Wortham, Suffolk, abundantly. 
Mr. Woodward. Houghton Moor, Yorkshire. Teesdale; and between 
Goule and Thorne, with Selinum palustre and Myrica Gale. Rev. W. 
Wood. Castle Eden Dean; and south shore of the Tyne. Mr. Winch. 
Loch-na-daal, Isla. Dr. Walker. Hook. Scot. E.) P. May—June. 
(C. heterophyl'lus. Leaves embracing the stem, spear-shaped, 
fringed with small prickles, (either entire or jagged, woolly 
underneath: stem downy, mostly single-flowered: down chiefly 
feathery. E.) 
(Hook. FI. Load. — E. Bot. 675.—FI. Dan. 109. E.)— Hall. 7, vol. i. p. 77 
— Mill. 94-— Clus. ii. 148. 2— Ger. Em. 1183, Jig. 2 d — Park. 961. 5 — 
J. B. iii. 46. 2— Pet. 22. 2. 
Boot creeping, knotty, black. Stem three feet high, erect, seldom divided, 
with one, or sometimes two flowers, leafy, cylindrical, furrowed, cottony. 
Leaves on the upper surface very smooth, cottony, white beneath; root- 
leaves on leaf-stalks ; stem-leaves alternate, numerous, at the base heart- 
shaped, amplexicaul. Blossom terminal, becoming upright, drooping 
when expanded, large, purple stalked. Calyx egg-shaped, slightly 
pubescent, scales spear-shaped, erect, naked at the point, keeled, brown¬ 
ish, terminated by a little spine. Anthers whitish. Stigma strap-shaped, 
protruding, purple, notched at the end. Down of the outer seeds rough, 
of the inner ones feathery. FI. Brit. 
C. helenioides of Linnaeus differs materially, having a stem twice as high, 
many more leaves, altogether undivided, and four or more much smaller 
