916 
SYNGENESIA. iEQUALIS. Cabltna. 
Winch. Opposite Moorhall, on the Bidford road ; and between Alcester 
and Red-hill, on the hedge bank. Purton. On a sloping field between 
Stock wood and Queen’s-Charlton, Somersetshire, abundant. E.) 
P. July* 
ONOPOR'DON. Recept. like a honeycomb: Calyx tumid: 
Scales spinous. 
O. ACAN f THiUM. Calyx scales expanding, their points standing out : 
leaves egg-oblong, indented, (cottony on both sides. E.) 
Curt. 334—( E.Bot . 977. E.)— FI. Dan. 909— Fuchs. 57 — J. B. iii. a. 54. 2 
— Trag. 858 —Dod. 721. 2 —Ger. Em. 1174. 5—Park. 979. 1 —Pet. 21. 
10— Lonic. i. 71. 2— Ger. 988. 1 and 2— Dod. 721. 1— Lob. Ohs. 476. 1, 
and Ic. i. 1. 1— Ger. Em. 1149. 1— H. Ox. vii. 30, row 2. 1— Matth. 671 
— Lonic. i. 70. 3— H. Ox. vii. 30, row 1.1. 
Plant generally covered with a white cottony pubescence. Leaves oval- 
spear-shaped ; the lower extremely large, with deep triangular teeth, 
which are again toothed, and each tooth terminated by a sharp whitish 
thorn, productions of the ribs; the upper spear-shaped with a few distant 
teeth. Stem leafy, border irregularly toothed, and thorny, the thorns 
proceeding through and strengthening the border. Heads single, up¬ 
right, terminal. Calyx scales ending in sharp thorns. Woodw. ( Stem 
upright, about five feet high. Flowers terminal, solitary, erect, purple. 
E.) 
Argentine. Cotton Thistle. On rubbish and road sides, (chiefly 
on a gravelly soil. E.) B. July—(Aug. E.)t 
CARLPNA.J Calyx radiated: the scales next the blossoms 
long, coloured : Recept . chaffy : Down feathery. 
* Cows refuse this Thistle. It kills all plants which grow beneath it, whence it is 
very injurious in meadows. Linn. (However entertaining to the eye of the poet, when, 
il Wide o’er the thistly lawn as swells the breeze, 
A whitening shower of vegetable down 
Amusive floats; ” 
to the agriculturist, (whose (e frenzy” may possibly be of a different description,) this plant 
ever appears one of the most pernicious of W'eeds, which ought not to be tolerated even 
on the borders of fields, or waste places. Mowing proves but a palliative ; the infested 
pasture should be broken up, and subjected to a course of crops. Where such renovating 
process cannot be immediately commenced, perhaps the application of salt, under certain 
circumstances, might prove a desirable expedient, vid. Holdich’s Essay on the Weeds of 
Agriculture, 1 825, p. 69.-E.) The different species of Thistles afford nourishment to the 
Cassida viridis and nebulosa : Papilio Cardui; Cicada cornuta : Cimex Cardui; Musca 
solstitialis; and Aphis Cardui: (also Tingis Cardui, Vanessa Cardui , Cassida cruentata , 
Apion Carduorum. Andrena Listerella, Osmia Leaiana. Tortrix Mylleri, and Populana. 
E -> 
i* The receptacle, and the young stems, may be boiled and eaten like artichoke. The 
ancients thought this plant a specific in cancerous cases. Cows, sheep, and horses refuse 
it. (The seeds yield a favourite food for the smaller birds. {Apion Onopordi , according 
to Kirby, is found only upon this plant. The cotton is sometimes collected by poor 
persons for pillows and beds, instead of feathers. Gerard would seem to speak feelingly 
of the defensive weapons of such plants, when he describes them as “ set full of most 
horrible sharpe prickes, so that it is impossible for man or beast to touch the same without 
great hurt and danger.” E.) 
t (From a certain exotic species, (supposed C. acaulis, whose root, is bitter, pungent, and 
tonic,) said to have been indicated by au angel to the Emperor Charlemagne, for the cure 
of his army afflicted by the plague. E.) 
