960 SYNGENESIA. FRUSTRANEA. Centaurea. 
by Kinnordy, Kerriemuir. C. Lyell, Esq. Hook. Scot. Willington Bal¬ 
last Hills. Mr. Winch. P. Aug.—Sept. E.)* 
C. ni'gra. Calyx scales egg-shaped, fringe hair-like, upright: lower 
leaves lyrate, angular; upper ones ovate, nearly entire. 
Var. 1. Flowers without rays. 
FI. Fan. 996— E. Bot. 278— Wale. Reich. FI. — Clus. ii. 7. 2 — Fod. 124. 2— 
Lob. Obs. 292. 3, and Ic. i. 541. 1— Ger. Em. 727. 1— Park. 468. 1— H. 
Ox. vii. 28, row 2. 1— Pet. 22. S— J. B. iii. a. 27. 
Resembling C. Jacea , but without neutral florets in the circumference. 
Linn. Stem angular, scored, slightly cottony, often tinged with purple. 
Branches alternate, upper ones rising above the stem, thickest towards 
the top, single-flowered. Leaves wing-cleft or toothed, sometimes entire, 
spear-shaped, sessile, more or less cottony. Calyx , outer scale spear- 
shaped, dark purple, almost black, with a long fringe, hairy; the middle 
ones yellow, strap-shaped below, spear-shaped and fringed at the 
end; the inner whitish, smooth, shining, strap-shaped, terminated by 
a broad, roundish, purple, little scale, convex without, concave within, 
ragged, not fringed. Florets all alike. Tube whitish, long. Border 
purple, longer than the anthers. Style shorter than the anthers, with a 
downy ring beneath the summit. Summit slightly cloven. Woodw. 
Upper leaves either egg or strap-shaped, sometimes entire. 
Var. 2. j Double. Florets all radiate. 
This variety is common in Wiltshire, as I learn from Mr. Norris; and Mr. 
Stackhouse informs me that it is more frequent in Cornwall, and the west 
of England, than the sort without rays. It has sometimes been mistaken 
for C. Jacea , but in that the scales of the calyx are thin, membranous, or 
scariose, and ragged at the edges, not with a regular fringe of stiff black 
bristles as in this. 
Outer florets purple, radiating, divided nearly half way down into five equal 
strap-shaped segments, without stamens or pistils. Other radiating 
florets exactly resembling these, but furnished with stamens and pistils. 
Central florets white; anthers and summits purple. Stem fluted, cot¬ 
tony. Lower leaves spear-shaped, toothed, somewhat hairy ; upper leaves 
strap-shaped, very entire. 
(Walbottle, Dean ; also near Walker, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. Be¬ 
tween Ceint and Berw, Anglesey. Welsh Bot. 
The Rev. Hugh Davies also distinguishes another var. with a divided 
downy leaf; among gorse on Tower-hill farm, Anglesey. E.) 
Black or Lesser Knapweed. (Black Matfellon. Bull-weed. 
Welsh: Pengaled leiaf benddu. E.) Meadows and pastures. 
P. July—Aug.t 
C. Scabio'sa. (Calyx scales ovate, fringed, somewhat downy: leaves 
wing-cleft: segments spear-shaped, rather hairy, slightly 
toothed. E.) 
E. Bot. 66—Matth. 969 —J. B. iii. a. 32. 2 —Ger. 588. 2, and 583. 5— (Pet. 
22. 7. E.) 
* (The herb steeped in alum water, before the flowers expand, dyes a fine yellow. Linn. 
E.) 
+ (A decoction of the hard heads of this plant have afforded at least a temporary relief in 
cases of diabetes, by diminishing the morbid secretion, and destroying its sweetness ; but 
for a remedy for this cruel disease more worthy the attention of the faculty, vid. Wither¬ 
ing’s Memoirs and Tracts, vol. ii, p. 490. E.) 
