SYNGENESIA. FRUSTRANEA. Centaurea. 961 
Root-leaves winged, on long leaf-stalks, with a winged mid-rib ; wings egg- 
shaped, toothed, frequently with wing-cleft appendages at the base, the 
terminal one very large, confluent with the next pair ; stem-leaves wing- 
cleft ; segments spear-shaped, mostly entire. Flowers single, terminal. 
Calyx globose, (reflexed after the seeds are blown away, and rendered 
conspicuous by the shining silvery hue of its inside; Sm. E.) scales 
closely tiled, in several rows, egg-shaped, green, nearly smooth, fringed, 
tipt and edged with black. Florets tubular : those of the circumference 
without stamens or pistils, reddish purple, scored; segments four, some¬ 
times five. Style , pale below, purplish upwards, with a downy ring 
beneath the cloven summit. Seeds oval, brown, compressed, shining; 
viewed with a glass slightly hairy. Down yellowish, bristly, as long 
as the seed. Woodw. Stem nearly cylindrical, scored, (two or three 
feet high. E.) Florets of the centre marked on the outside with five 
dark purple lines, the tube and distended border filled with a honey-like 
liquor. Filaments a little woolly. Anthers shining, purple. Blossoms 
purple, sometimes white, large and showy. 
(Varieties have been observed differing considerably in the breadth and 
subdivision of their leaves. E.) 
Greater Knapweed. Matfellon. (Welsh: Ci'ammenog fwyaf. E.) 
Borders of corn-fields. P. July. 
(2) Calyx spinous ; thorns compound. 
C. Calcit'rapa. (Flowers lateral, sessile: calyx doubly spinous: 
leaves pinnatifid, toothed: stem hairy, widely spreading. E.) 
j E. Bot. 125— Kniph. 11— Ger. 1003. 1— Col. Phyt. 24— Clus. ii. 7. 3— Dod. 
733— Lob. Ohs. 482. 2, and Ic. ii. 11. 2—Ger. Em. 1166. 1— J. B. iii. a. 
89— Park. 988. 1— Pet. 21. 11—Ger. 1003. 2—Lonic. i. 72. 2. 
(Florets of the circumference scarcely longer than the disk, not quite regu¬ 
lar. Seeds inversely egg-shaped, variegated, shining. FI. Brit. Stem 
much branched, leafy, downy. Leaves sessile, hairy, beset with prickly 
teeth; lower ones stalked. Bloss. purple, sometimes white, lateral, 
sessile. Calyx egg-shaped, with spreading, whitish spines, fringed at the 
base with smaller prickles. Filaments peculiarly irritable. Herbage 
gives out a bitter, glutinous exudation. E.) 
Star Thistle. Star Knapweed. Barren meadows and road sides. 
Yarmouth Denes, near the sea, with a white blossom, frequent. Mr.Wood- 
ward. Bethnal Green. Mr. Jones. Sandsend, near Whitby. Mr. Rob¬ 
son. Road sides north of Bedford, common. Mr. Pitt. (West end of St. 
Anthony’s Ballast Hills, Northumberland. Mr. Winch. E.) 
A. July—Aug.* 
C. solstitia'lis. Flowers terminal, solitary: calyx doubly spinous: 
stem winged from the decurrent, thornless, spear-shaped, leaves : 
root-leaves lyrate. 
E. Bot. 243— Kniph. 8— Dod. 734. I—Ger. Em. 1166. 2 —Park. 989. 4— 
Pet. 21. 12— Col. Ecphr. 31— Lob. Adv. 372, and Ic. ii. 12. 1. 
Root fibrous. Stem two feet high, branched, spreading. Root-leaves lyre¬ 
shaped, tapering: lateral segments spear-shaped, toothed, the terminal 
* (A troublesome weed to the agriculturist in certain districts, and only to be eradicated 
by breaking up the ground so infested. E.) 
2 B 2 
