962 SYNGENESIA. NECESSARIA. Calendula. 
one winged, triangular, halberd-shaped: stem and branch-leaves very- 
entire, short, waved, sprinkled with a white cobweb-like wool. Flowers 
terminal, solitary. Fruit-stalks very long, leafy. Calyx egg-shaped, 
without any leaf at the base: scales white, those which surround the 
base longest, only toothed at the base, with hand-shaped, short, and 
nearly equal thorns, the rest with awl-shaped thorns as long as the calyx, 
and armed on each side with lesser thorns. Blossoms yellow. Linn. 
{Herb very bitter, slightly viscid. E.) 
St. Barnaby’s Thistle. Yellow Star-thistle or Knapweed. 
(Both the Latin and English trivial names are supposed to allude to the 
season of flowering, though not peculiarly appropriate to this species. 
E.) Corn-fields and hedges. Not far from Cirencester, Gloucestershire; 
and North fleet, Kent. In a field at Arminghall, near Norwich. Mr. 
Crowe. Linn. Tr. ii. 236. (Near St. Edmund’s hill, Bury. Rev. Dr. 
Webb. Eng. FI. Near Dartford. Mr. W. Peete. E.) A. July—Aug. 
NECESSARIA. 
CALEN'DULA.* Recept. naked : Downnone : Calyx of many 
nearly equal leaves : Seeds membranous. 
C. ARVEN f sis. Seeds boat-shaped, prickly ; the innermost crowded to¬ 
gether, incurved : the outermost upright, caudate. 
II. Ox. vi. 4. 6— Tabern. 713 —Ger. 603— J. B. iii. 103. 
Nearly allied to C. officinalis. Leaves somewhat toothed, but heart-spear¬ 
shaped, not spatula-shaped. Linn. {Stem leafy, three to five inches high. 
E.) Leaves, the upper ones heart-shaped, lower ones strap-egg-shaped, 
all of them embracing the stem. Flowers yellow, not hear so large, nor 
of so deep a colour as those of C. officinalis, (whose seeds are all incurved. 
E.) 
Field Marigold. On Ballast Hill, Sunderland. Mr. Robson. On the 
shores of the harbour at Falmouth. (On the Den at Teignmouth. B. 
Botfield, Esq. A. June—Sept. E.)t 
* (From Calender , the first of every month ; descriptive of its almost perpetual inflores¬ 
cence during every month in the year. E.) 
+ (The Mcvry-budde that shutteth with the light,” 
was formerly held in repute as a cordial; and according to an established authority, “ no 
brothes are well made without dried Marigolds,” 
“ Fair is the Marigold for pottage meet.” Gay. 
For which purpose, especially in Holland, the petals are picked, kept dried in casks, and 
sold in the shops. The English house-wives were likewise wont to reserve a corner of the 
garden for this herb. Why poets have almost invariably connected the plant with melan¬ 
choly associations is nob very obvious; but so it is : 
“ As emblem of my heart’s sad grief. 
Of flowers, the Marigold is chief.” 
Various others, especially of the Syngenesia Class, follow the example of 
“ The Marigold , that goes to bed with the sun, 
And with him rises weeping:” 
