976 CRYPTOGAMIA. MISCELLANEiE. Lycopodium. 
Stem perennial, green, rough like a file. Sheaths of the joints pale, black 
at the base and edges, with imperfect teeth. Linn. Stems furrowed 
with eighteen or twenty rough angles, some of the joints three inches 
asunder. Sheaths with as many short blunt teeth as the stem has fur¬ 
rows. Spike terminal. Lightf. Differs from E. limosum in being sea- 
green, in the greater length of the joints, and in its extreme roughness. 
Woodw. ( Roots black, creeping. E.) 
Greater Rough Horse-tail. (Shave Grass. E.) Dutch Rushes. 
Marshy and watery places, but not common. In a moist ditch near 
Middleton, Warwickshire, and in a rivulet near Broad-stich Abbey, 
Wiltshire; Scippon and Craven, Lancashire, and in Rigby Woods. Merret. 
GamlingayBogs, Cambridgeshire. Relhan. River side between Mavis Bank 
and Lass wade near Edinburgh. Sir J. E. Smith. Armingdale Wood near 
Norwich. Mr. Crowe. Just below Stone Bier Linn, near Lanark. Dr. 
Stokes. Sexton Wood, Hedendam, near Bungay. Mr. Stone. (Near 
Ripon, Yorkshire. Mr. W. Brunton. Darnaway Forest. Mr. Brodie: 
and in a copse by the town of Forres, Moray-shire. FI. Lond. E.) 
P. July—Aug.* 
Var. 2 . Stem with few leaves. Hal. 
Trag. 692. 1 —Lon. 1. 176. 1 — J. B . iii. 729. 1 — C.B. Th. 248. 
Var. 3. With numerous lateral branches. St. 
Matth. 1028— Bod. 73. 3—Lob. Obs. 461. 2. Ic. i. 794. 1—C. B. 250. 
When it has been browsed early in the spring, it puts forth numerous lateral 
branches. Griff. 
(A plant which we have not seen, much resembling the last species, but 
smaller and more slender, stems seldom a foot high; sheaths black, with 
white, membranous, lanceolate, and more permanent teeth, and catkin 
blacker; E. variegatum. Sleich. Willd. Sm. Hook. E. Bot. 1987, has 
been found by Mr. G. Don on the sands of Barry; by the sea coast of 
Angus; and also at Baldogle, near Dublin, but by whom it does not ap¬ 
pear. P. July.—Nov. E.) 
LYCOPO'JDIUM.f Capsules axillary, kidney-shaped, two- 
valved, elastic; many-seeded. 
* The stems have long been imported from Holland to polish cabinet work, ivory, 
plaster casts, and even brass. Their cuticle is extremely rough and hard, beset with 
glass-like warts, which cause the epidermis to act like a file. (The silex is so abundant, 
that the vegetable matter may be destroyed, and the form retained, as was effected by 
Mr. Sivright. Under a high magnifying power, Dr. Brewster has detected a beautiful 
arrangement of the siliceous particles, of which some are grouped into oval forms, connected 
together like the jewels of a necklace, by a chain of particles forming a sort of curvilineal 
quadrangle; these rows of oval combinations being arranged in pairs. Many of these 
particles which form the straight lines do not exceed the five hundreth part of an inch 
in diameter. In the straw and chaff of wheat, barley, oats, and rye, he noticed analogous 
phenomena, but the particles were arranged in a different manner. The Doctor con¬ 
cludes that the chrystalline portions of silex, and other earths which are found in vege¬ 
table films, are not foreign substances of accidental occurrence, but are integral parts of 
the plant itself, and probably perform some important function in the processes of vege¬ 
table life. Grev. Edin. Sir H. Davy has also found this plant to contain a large portion of 
siliceous earth. It is hurtful to horses and cows, and disagreeable to sheep. The teeth of 
cattle feeding on it, as is sometimes the case in Iceland, are said soon to fall out. In Nor¬ 
thumberland, the dairy-maids scour their milk pails with the stems of this plant. E.) 
j- (From Auxof, a wolf; and i rap, 7 to5 toy, a foot, or feet; the plants of this genus exhibit¬ 
ing a fancied resemblance to a wolf’s claw. E.) 
