54 
CRYPTOGAMIA. ALGAL Lichen. 
Leaf membranaceous, very thin, widely-spread out, growing closely to the 
ground, whitish, covered with a thin yellowish mealiness, black under¬ 
neath. Saucers few, minute. Dicks. 
(Mealy Membranaceous Lichen. Parietaria lanuginosa. Achar. Hook. 
E.) On rocks thinly covered with earth in the Highlands of Scotland. 
L. concoTor. Saucers reddish yellow; foliage yellow, leaves minute, 
upright, crowded, curled. 
(E. Bot. 1794. E.)— Dicks. 9. 8. 
Saucers few, scattered, slightly concave. Leaves 1 or 2 lines long, paler 
yellow when young, darker with age. On trees, and on old wood. Dicks, 
iii. 18. 
Mr. Griffith is satisfied that this plant is nothing but the intermediate state 
between the L. candelarius and parietinus , which he believes are the same 
species. 
(Yellow-leafed Candle Lichen. L. candelarius. Linn. Achar. Prod. 
E. Bot. L. concolor , well named so by Dicks. Also of Hull. Abbot. 
Lecanora candelaria. Hook. E.)* 
I. Root central. 
L. JACQUi f Ni. Tubercles black; foliage blue black, roundish, plaited, 
curled, smooth; brown and pimpled underneath. 
Jacq. Misc. ii. 9. 3. 
Black underneath. Dicks. Leaves thin, tough, leathery, circular, fixed to a 
central root, pimpled, lobed, curled. Tubercles like targets, roundish, 
protuberating, sitting, marked with serpentine or concentric lines. Jacq. 
Misc. ii. 83. 
(Black-shielded Mountain Lichen. E.) L. pullus. Dicks. 1. and 
With. Ed. ii. Rocks on the mountains of Scotland. 
L. torrefac'tus. Tubercles black; foliage brown black, wrinkled, 
reticulated and fibrous underneath. 
Hoffm. Lick. 2. 1. 2—(E. Bot. 2066. E.)—Dill. 30. 118— FI. Dan. 471. 3. 
Plant expanded, circular, two or three inches over; thick, rigid, brittle 
when dry ; edge indented, segments short, irregularly scolloped, and 
ragged. Surface black, brownish towards the centre, texture like leather, 
rough, tubercles black semi-globular grains. Under side smooth, grey 
brown, reticulated with veins, no root but in the centre. Hoffman. 
Targets black, oval, like protuberating warts, wrinkled. Dill, or rather 
marked with nearly concentric lines. 
When Lichens consist of only one leaf, they must appear different from 
those that are complicated, but unless they invariably are so, or differ in 
some more material respect, there can be no good reason for considering 
them distinct. I have seen such repeated instances of the imbricated 
Lichens being found with a single leaf, and the imbellicated Lichens with 
many leaves, and those so complicated that they may well be said to be 
imbricated, that I am convinced nature is not limited by any such con¬ 
siderations. On these grounds I am decidedly of opinion that L. pullus 
* (The Swedes employ this Lichen to stain the candles used in religious ceremonies, 
hence the trivial name candelarius. R.) 
