4 
MONANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Chaka. 
cloven leaves at the fork, and on the simple leaves about the same 
distance from the base. Cal. none, not even prickles as in other species. 
Anther always single, sometimes solitary, but mostly with two germens: 
generally between them, but where only one germen, sometimes on one 
or the other side, or above it, never below, as in the other species; 
when first appearing, white or straw-coloured; as it advances, pale 
yellow, becoming of a wax-like substance; when ripe of a reddish saffron 
colour, and at last brown; for the greater part hollow within, not divided 
into cells, but containing some pulp intermixed with very slender fibres 
or membranes, and some mealy grains of a saffron colour; never opening 
spontaneously; gradually shrivelling, decaying, and wasting away. 
Seed-vessel oval, somewhat tapering towards the point; the coat rather 
thin, composed as it were of five segments rolled spirally and terminating 
in the five summits. Nucleus covered with a very thin membrane, not 
marked with spiral lines, within full of white transparent globules, some 
spherical, others a little compressed, destructible by pressure, not 
wrinkled; whether to be considered seeds I do not determine. Schmid.* 
Smooth Stonewout. (Welsh: Rhawn yr ebol hyblyg. E.) Ponds, ditches, 
and bogs. Ponds about Henley, four miles N. of Ipswich. In a bog 
where the spa empties itself near Knaresborough. Ray. Salt water 
ditches near Hornsey. Hudson. Loch Lomond. Parsons. Hill. Loch, 
on Craig Cailleach, Breadalbane, and at Comrie four miles from Grief. 
Mr. Stuart. In the third stew from the house at Edgbaston, near Bir¬ 
mingham. (In Llynaled, Llanfannon, Denbighshire, where I have seen 
it many yards in length. Mr. Griffiths. Gravel pits on Epping Forest. 
Mr. E. Forster, jun. In Anglesey, not rare. Bot. Guide. In an old 
quarry, in Leming-Lane, Durham. In Bromley lake, near Shewing- 
Shields, Northumberland, and Derwent-water. Mr. Winch. In a stew 
at Cookhill, Worchestershire; and in ditches about Drayton, Warwick- 
shire. Purton. E.) A. June—Oct. 
(Var. 1. Larger, transparent, flexible. 
Act. Paris Ann. 1719. t. 3. f. 8. 
of Sm. Found in Berrington Pool, Shropshire, by the Rev. E. Wil¬ 
liams. FI. Brit. 
Sir J. E. Smith, since the publication of FI. Brit, has received fresh spe¬ 
cimens discovered by Prof. Hooker, at Browston, Suffolk, and is now 
inclined to believe it a new species, which in 
E. Bot. 1855, 
is named C. translucens, (Great Transparent Chara,') chiefly distinguished 
by the transverse internal partitions, noticed by Vaillant. E.)j- 
* (The pollen, (usually discharged by the operation of warm dry weather contracting 
and bursting the coats of the anther, each grain forming a curious microscopic object 
ot various form, and itself, on the contact of moisture, evolving a snbtile vapour.) in 
aquatic plants destined to perform their functions under water, is, as in the different 
species of Chara, supplied with a peculiar protecting gluten. E.) 
T (M. Bose observes that fish, especially carp, thrive bestin waters where the different 
species of Chara abound. The minute spirally-twisted fossil remains, found in chalk, 
and called Gyrogoniies , formerly believed of animal origin, are now considered to be 
tne nvcide of Chara. It has been before remarked, (With. vol. i. p. 119,) that the 
mysterious structure of the plants of this genus had occasioned much diversity of opinion 
among phytologists as to their proper station in the vegetable kingdom, nor does the 
accurate discrimination of the respective species prove an undertaking free from per¬ 
plexity. Waliroth traces their affinity to the Confervas; and Dr. Greville, with the aid 
of high magnifying powers, detects a complex mechanism, with globules resembling 
sporules, containing elastic, convoluted filaments, indistinctly either jointed or trans¬ 
versely rugose. See FI. Edin. E.) 
