DIANDMA. MONOGYNIA, Salix. 
57 
3. S. Lambertia'na. Erect: monandrous : leaves egg-spear-shaped^ 
sharp-pointed, serrated, smooth: stipulce none: stigmas very 
short, egg-shaped, notched. 
E. Bot. 1359. 
Much resembles S. Helix and Forhiana, (of which Prof. Hooker deems it 
only a slight var.) but differs essentially in having catkins not more than 
half so large and thick, and especially in its stigmas, which are short, 
egg-shaped, notched, and nearly sessile. The young growing branches 
and leaves are much like those of a honeysuckle in their glaucous hue, 
with a purplish tinge in their upper part, which is more or less downy. 
Leaves of a broad figure, dilated above the middle, half as long as those 
of S. Forhiana, and broader as well as shorter than those of S. Helix. 
FI. Brit, and E. Bot. 
Boyton Willow. Banks of streams, common. On the banks of the 
Willy, at Boyton, Wiltshire; in osier-holts near Staines. Mr. Lambert. 
About Lachford Bridge, near Icldingham, Suffolk. Mr. Crowe. About 
Ham ponds, near Sandwich. Mr. Woods, jun., and about Lewes. Mr. 
Borrer. Bot. Guide. Salford, and Wixford, near Alcester: Badsey, 
Worcestershire. Purton. Banks of the Esk, above Musselburgh. Hook. 
Scot. P. March—April. E.)* 
4. S. (Forbia'na. Monandrous; erect; leaves with small leaf-scales. 
tremity of the twigs, numerous leaves shoot out, differing in shape from the other leaves 
of the tree, and, arranged not much unlike those composing the flower of a rose, adhering, 
to the stern even after the others fall off. A similar process occasions the red, carbuncu- 
lous protuberances frequently observable on the leaves. No productions of nature seem 
to have puzzled the ancient philosophers more than the vegetable excrescences and galls. 
Their conjectures of the causes were most vague ; and even now that it is better under¬ 
stood, how the mere insertion of an egg into the substance of a leaf or twig, even if 
accompanied, as some imagine, by a peculiar fluid, should cause the growth of such 
singular protuberances around it, may be as difficult to explain as why the insertion of 
a particle of variolous matter beneath the human skin should cover it with pustules. In 
both cases the effects seem to proceed from some action of the foreign substance upon 
the secreting vessels of the animal or vegetable ; but of the nature of this action we 
know nothing. Thus much is ascertained by the observations of Reaumur arid Malpighi, 
that the production of the gall, which, however large, attains its full size in a day or two, 
is caused by the egg or some accompanying fluid ; not by the larva, which does not ap¬ 
pear until the gall is fully formed ; that the galls which spring from leaves almost 
constantly take their origin from nerves; and that the egg, at the same time that it 
causes the growth of the gall, itself derives nourishment from the substance that sui> 
rounds it, becoming considerably larger before it is hatched than it was when fWt 
deposited. When chemically analyzed, galls are found to contain only the same prin¬ 
ciples as the plant from which they spring, but in a more concentrated state. The 
majority of galls are what Entomologists have denominated monothalamous, or consisting 
of only one chamber or cell; but some are polythalamous, or consisting of several. 
See Kirby and Spence’s Entomology, and Phillips’s Sylva Florifera, for an interesting 
account of the nidus, and metamorphoses of these insects; also Rosa and Quercus in 
this work. We would here further remark, that neither the obscurity of the recess, nor 
the thickness of the incrustation, can protect these little creatures from the formidable 
Ichneumon ( glomeratus ), who, though to them a destroying angel, by an eternal war re¬ 
ducing the exuberant fecundity of these tribes, seems commissioned as a benefactor to 
mankind. E.) 
* (Scarcely inferior to S. Forhiana for basket work, and much more common. E.) 
