118 
TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Carex. 
(More recently Professor Beattie has found it near Aberdeen. E. Bot., 
and Mr. Maughan on the Links of St. Andrew’s. Hook. Scot. E.) 
P. July—Aug. 
12. C. arena'ria. Spike leafy, oblong, rather acute : spikets nu¬ 
merous, the upper ones barren, the lower fertile : straw^curved. 
Dicks. H. S. —(j E. Bot. 928. E.) —Mich 33. 3 and 4— Pluk. 34. 8 —These 
Jigures are drawn unnaturally upright. — PI. XX. B. in seed. 
(Eight inches to a foot high. E.) Root the size of a packthread creeping 
in the dry sand to a great length: knots about three-fourths of an inch 
apart, not every one throwing out leaves or fibres. Leaves somewhat 
rolled in at the edge, in tufts arising from a brown, dry, withered sheath. 
Spike one to two inches long, generally bent. Spikets four to ten, oval- 
spear-shaped, the upper crowded and without floral-leaves. Floral- 
leaves, the lowermost generally shorter than the spike, the next above, 
and sometimes the two next also, as long as the spikets. Scales oval- 
spear-shaped, pointed, yellowish brown with a green keel. Capsules 
spear-shaped, shorter than the scales, convex on the upper, flat on the 
lower side, slightly cloven at the end. Style divided as it issues from 
the capsule. Summits bent back. Woodw. Capsules bordered towards 
the top, two on each side, with a membranous edge. Gooden. 
Sea-side Seg. Welsh: Hesgen arfor, Hesgen y tywod. E.) In loose 
moveable sand on the sea shore. Sea beach at Y armouth and Lowes¬ 
toft. Mr. Woodward. Beach near Prestatyn, Flintshire, and Con¬ 
way Marsh, Carnarvonshire. Mr. Griffith. (Anglesey. Welsh Bot. 
Between Caroline Park and Granthon, plentiful. Grev. Edin. E.) 
P. June—July.* 
Var. 2. Straw and spikes upright; Boot fibrous. PI. XX. A. the upright 
variety. B. a straw of the common sort in seed, to show the curvature, a, 
a, a, views of the capsule to show its membranous border. About five 
inches high, stiff, upright. Root fibrous, not creeping. Straw triangular, 
naked, but sheathed at the base by the leaves for about an inch from the 
root. Leaves sheathing, slender, and channelled upwards, solid, and three- 
sided at the end, finely serrated at the edges and angles, nearly as tall as 
the straw. Partial Involucrum half embracing the spike-stalk, broad and 
leaf-like at the base, slender and pointed upwards. Spike two-rowed, 
one to two and a half inch long, more than half an inch broad ; spear- 
shaped. Spikets sessile, many-flowered (fourteen or more), egg-shaped, 
upper spikets mostly barren, the others mostly fertile. Scales spear- 
shaped, skinny, yellow, with a green mid-rib, ending in an awn. Cap¬ 
sules compressed, concave above, convex underneath, cloven at the end, 
edged with a membranous border. Summits two. 
(Upright Sea-side Seg. C. Witheringii. Gray’s Nat. Arrang. E.) Sandy 
shores on the N. E. side of the Isle of Wight. South and north shores, 
Liverpool. Dr. Bostock. E.) R. April—May. 
13. C. intermedia. Spike oblong, blunt: spikets numerous; the 
upper and lower ones fertile, the middle ones barren: straw 
upright. 
* (The root (fresh) is sudorific and diuretic ; may be used as sarsaparilla, in dis¬ 
eases of the skin, and syphilis. Gleditsch ; whose favourable testimony is corroborated 
by that of Professor Sumacher of Copenhagen. This plant is generally found where 
it is of great service in fixing loose sands. E.) 
