134 TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Carex. 
blunt. Fertile spikes three, near the barren ones, the lower farther off, 
oblong, pointed, sessile, (the lower often on a fruit-stalk) three-fourths of 
an inch long, florets closely compacted, but the lower ones more distant, 
one or two at the top, chiefly on the upper spikes, barren. Scales black, 
very blunt, but half the length of the right capsule. Floral-leaf\ one to 
each spike, broad at the base. Capsules egg-shaped, blunt, entire at the 
end, smooth, flatted on one side; sometimes longer, taper-pointed, and 
crooked. Summits two, thick, white, hairy. This plant differs from C. 
montana of Huds. by having no sheath, two summits and smooth capsules ; 
it differs also from C. saxatilis of Linn, by being thicker and a much 
smaller plant; and from both by the great rigidity of its leaves and its 
crooked straw. By its rigid and spreading leaves it may be known from 
C. ccespitosa , whose leaves are upright and soft, as well as from the stricta 
which is altogether upright. Gooden. 
Rigid Carex. (C. ccespitosa (3. Hook, who considers the apparent differ¬ 
ence to arise from the different places of growth. E.) On the top of 
Snowdon. Hudson. On the Scottish Alps. Dickson. Crib y Ddeseil: 
(also near the summit of Cader Idris and Carnedd Llewellyn. Mr. Griffith. 
Ben Lomond. Sir J. E. Smith. Teesdale Moor, near Caldron Snout, Dur¬ 
ham. Rev. J. Harriman. On the summit of Cheviot. Mr. Winch. E.) 
J. May—July. 
46. C. ccespito'sa. Summits two; sheath none ; spikes nearly sessile, 
cylindrical, blunt: leaves upright, soft. 
Linn. Tr. ii. 21. 8—(E. Bot. 7507. E.)— Park. 1266. 3. 
Boot creeping very much. Straw upright, four to twelve inches high, or 
more; not rigid, three-square, corners acute, roughish. Leaves of a plea¬ 
sant green with a glaucous cast, soft, upright, tall as the straw, rough 
towards the end, at the edge and on the keel. Barren spike one, (rarely 
two), upright, terminal, oblong, three-sided, half to one inch long; 
scales egg-shaped, blunt. Fertile spikes two or three, nearly cylindrical, 
blunt, the lower on a short fruit-stalk, the upper ones without any. 
Florets in six or eight rows, closely tiled. Scales egg-shaped, either 
blunt or pointed, black, shorter than the ripe capsules. Floral-leaves at 
the base of each fertile spike, but not sheathing, dilated and black at the 
base, generally taller than the straw. Capsules egg-shaped, bluntish, 
somewhat compressed, smooth, entire at the end. Summits two. It 
flowers nearly a month later than C. stricta , and the capsules in this ad¬ 
here to the fruit-stalk even in decay, whilst in the stricta they fall off as 
soon as they are ripe. Gooden. (Upper fertile spike sometimes with 
barren flowers at the end. The lower florets of the fertile spikes have 
sometimes three summits. 
Tufted Bog Carex. (Scotch: Star. Welsh: Swp-Hesgen y fawnog. E.) 
Marshes and wet woods. P. April—May. 
47* C. stricta. Summits two: sheaths none : spikes nearly sessile, 
cylindrical, acute; barren spikes mostly two: leaves upright, 
stiff, straight. 
(E. Bot. 914. E.)— Linn. Tr. ii. 21. 9. 
Boot creeping very much. Straw one to two feet high or more, upright, 
three-square, corners acute, rough. Barren spikes generally two, upright, 
one to two inches long, three-sided. Scales oblong, acute, black. Fertile 
spikes three, one to two inches long, sessile, but the lowermost on a short 
fruit-stalk, cylindrical, but acute, because of some barren florets at the 
end. Scales oblong, acute, rather shorter than the capsules. Floral - 
