218 TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Eriocaulon. 
S. arven'sis. Blossoms four-cleft, radiating: leaves wing-cleft, and 
jagged: stem rough with strong hairs. 
Curt. 288—( E. Bot. 659. E.)— Kniph. 3—Ludw. 21 —Sheldr. 98, fyc. FI. 
Ban. 447— Fuchs. 716— Trag. 242— J. B. iii. 2. 1— Ger. 583. 4— Blackw. 
185— H. Ox. vi. 13. 1 —Ger. Em. 720. 4— Bod. 122. 1 —Lob. Obs. 291. 
1— Ger. Em. 719. 1— -Park. 485. 1. 
Proper Cup quadrangular, hairy ; with four small teeth. Nectary inclosing 
the germen ; crowned with a concave receptacle, set with shining glands 
on the inside, and armed with eight or twelve spear-shaped, serrated, 
greenish, bristly substances, hairy at the base. Florets in the circum¬ 
ference larger, with four unequal clefts. Florets in the centre regular. 
Leaves rough with hairs and tubercles : spear-shaped, and more or less 
jagged; some of them wing-cleft. Blossom a little woolly; blue, purple, 
or white. Stem a yard high. 
(The variety mentioned by Haller, with leaves entire and smooth, is re¬ 
ported to have been found (Aug. 1825,) in the Isle of Wight. Vid. Mag. 
Nat. Hist. i. E.) 
Field Scabious. (Irish: Caban Guisain . Welsh: Clafrllys; Clais; 
Penlas. E.) Pastures and corn-fields. P. July—Aug.* * 
S. columba'ria. Blossoms five-cleft, radiating; root-leaves simple, 
scolloped; stem-leaves compound, strap-shaped. 
(E. Bot. 1311. E.)— Kniph. 12 —Wale. — Ger. 582. 2— Column. Phytob. 22 
—Clus. ii. 2. 2— Bod. 122. 3— Lob. Obs. 290. 2— Ger. Em. 719.2— Park. 
484. 1— J. B. iii. 4— Matth. 970— FI. Ban. 314— H. Ox. vi. 14. 20. 
{Boot woody, bristly at the crown. Stem twelve to eighteen inches high. 
Leaves and flowers smaller and more delicate than in the last, from which 
this species is decisively distinguished by the five-cleft blossom. Sm. E.) 
Boot long, tapering to a point. Outer segments of the outer blossoms 
much larger than the inner. Flowers bluish lilac. 
Small Scabious. (Welsh: Clafrllys bychan. E.) Dry hilly pastures, 
frequent: (less so in Scotland. E.) P. June—Sept.t 
ERIOCAU'LON.J Cal. common , an imbricated head with many 
leaves. 
B. florets in the centre, monopetalous. 
F. in the circumference, two-petalled. Caps . two-celled. 
( Seeds solitary. E.) 
furnishes a familiar example of the Radix prxmorsa, premorse, terminating abruptly, or 
bitten off root, but not uniformly so. Dr. Drummond observes this is only the case 
when the plant is above a year old, for during the first year it is fusiform ; after that it 
becomes woody, dies, and rots; the upper part excepted ; this causes the eroded or 
bitten appearance, while new lateral branches shooting out from the portion left, com¬ 
pensate the want of the old main stem. Thus do science and truth dispel superstitious 
errors ; for in ages darkened by monkery, the faithful were taught implicitly to believe 
in respect to the pretended virtues of this plant, that “ the divell for the envie that he 
beareth to mankind bitt it olf, because it would be otherwise good for many uses.” E.) 
* Sheep and goats eat it. Horses and cows are not fond of it. It is slightly astringent, 
bitter, and saponaceous. (When held over the fumes of tobacco, the colour of the 
blossoms has been observed to give place to a beautiful green. E.) 
t Horses, sheep, and goats eat it. PapilioMaturna and Livia Scabiosce may be found 
upon all the species. 
$ (From££<ov, wool, and accvXoj,a stem; though not applicable to the British spe¬ 
cies. E.) 
