TETRANDRIA. MONGYNIA. Galium. 
221 
GA'LIUM.* JBloss. one petal, four-cleft, campanulate, flat, 
short: Seeds two, nearly globular, beneath ; suberose. 
(1) Seeds smooth, 
G. crucia tum. Stem hairy, only branched at the base; leaves hairy* 
egg-shaped, four in a whorl; fruit-stalks with two or three leaves, 
(corymbose. E.) 
E. Bot. 143— Blackw. 76— Wale. — Bod. 357. 1— Gars. 235— Lob. Ohs. 467. 
2— Ger. Em. 1193. 1— Ger. 965— Parle. 566 — H. Ox. ix. 21. row 2. 1. 
Cruciata — J. B. iii. 717 and 2. 
The structure of the flowers is liable to many variations. They are gene¬ 
rally perfect, but sometimes barren flowers intervene. Blossom segments 
from three to five, though mostly four. Stamens three to five, always 
corresponding in number with the segments of the blossom. Seeds one 
or two, the second frequently abortive. Stem undivided upwards, 
(twelve to eighteen inches high. E.) Bunches from the bosom of the 
leaves, divided and subdivided. ( Blossom small, yellow, about eight on 
a stalk. Lightf. E.) When the seeds ripen, the leaves bend inwards 
and cover them so effectually, that birds cannot get at them without 
tearing away the leaves. 
Cross-wort Bed-straw. Mugwort- Mugweed. Valantia cruciata. 
Linn. Lightf. G. cruciata. Scop. (With. Hook. E.) Hedge banks 
and other rough places; often in meadows amongst mowing grass. 
Plentiful from Newcastle to within a few miles of Worcester, but further 
south it is scarce. Mr. Baker. King’s Park, Edinburgh, on the right 
hand side of the foot-road to Duddingston. Greville. P. May—July. 
G. palus'tre. Leaves unequal, strap-spear-shaped, entire, blunt, four, 
five, or six in a whorl: stems spreading, branched upwards. 
{Hook. FI. Lond.—E. Bot. 1857. E.) — FI. Dan. 4,23—Pet. 50. 5— Ger. 967. 
From one to two feet high. Leaves scarcely rough to the touch. Blossoms 
white, numerous, on lateral and terminal fruit-stalks; forming a sort of 
umbel cloven into three parts, and again subdivided. 
Var 2. Leaves strap-shaped, four in a whorl. 
Resembles the preceding, but smaller and hardly half so high. Found on 
dry ground in Dudley Wood. The leaves being blunt and quite entire 
sufficiently distinguish this from G. montanum and G. procumbens. 
White Ladies* Bed-straw. White Water Bed-straw. (Welsh: 
Gwendon ; Gwenwlyddy gors. E.) Banks of rivulets and pools, moist 
meadows, wet commons. P* July—Aug. 
G. Witheringii. Leaves strap-spear-shaped, fringed with hairs, 
about four or five in a whorl; stem feeble, rough : leaves reflexed. 
(Plate XXVIII.— (E. Bot. 2206. E.) 
About eight inches high, not at all branched, except sending off fruit-stalks 
from the whorls of leaves. Leaves five in a whorl; turned back, some so 
much so as to point downwards; serrated with hairs, pointed with a hair. 
(From yv.'kot., milk; from its effect in curdling that liquid. E.) 
