TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Galium. 227 
Ullswater, Cumberland. Near the Ferry at Winander Meer. Mr. Wood¬ 
ward. Banks of the river near Down. Mr. Brown. Rocks about Strid, 
near Bolton Abbey. Mr. Wood. Trigyfylchi Rocks; also about half a 
mile from Llanberris, in the gravel by the side of the second rivulet in the 
way to Llanrwst. Mr. Griffith. (Banks of the Tees, at Winch bridge, 
and near Egleston, Durham; on the banks of the Skern, near Darlington. 
Mr. W. Backhouse, jun. Winch Guide. Bowling Bay, Dalbeth, Carmyle, 
&c. Glasgow. Hopkirk. Breadalbane woods. Arnot, in Hook. Scot. 
Magilligan, Derry. E. Murphy, Esq. E.) P. July—Aug.* 
G. apari'ne. Leaves eight in a whorl, spear-shaped: keel rough with 
reflexed prickles: joints downy : fruit bristly. 
Curt .— Woodv. 269— FI. Dan. 495—( E.Bot . 816. E.)— Sheldr. 13— Vaill. 
4.4— Dod. 353— Lob. Obs. 464. 3. Aparine — Ger. 963. 1— Ger. Em. 1122 
— Park. 567— H. Ox. ix. 22. row 2. 1. Aparine — Pet. 30. 11— Blackw. 
39— Matth. 807 —Fuchs. 50— J. B. iii. 713— Trag. 494 —Wale. 
( Stem four-cornered, the angles set with reflexed prickles, by which it 
readily adheres to other plants, and thus supports itself to an extent of 
several feet. Leaves eight or ten in a whorl, between strap and spear- 
shaped, rough above, smooth underneath, the edges and the keel set 
with reflexed prickles, and so hispid as to adhere to whatever they touch. 
Branches opposite. Calyx in this species certainly wanting. Curt. E.) 
( Blossoms white, small, rather few. E.) 
Catchweed. Goose Grass. Cleavers. (Irish: Hariff Airmeiriglu 
Welsh: Cyngafan ; Gwlyddy perthi ; Llys yr hidl. E.) Hedges, very 
frequent (but not in clay lands. E.) A. May—Aug.t 
G. verruco'sum. Leaves six in a whorl, spear-shaped, with mar¬ 
ginal prickles pointing forward: flower-stalks axillary, three- 
flowered : fruit warty, pendulous. 
E. Bot. 2173. 
Boot slender, turning reddish when dried, and retaining the cotyledons long 
at its summit. Stems several, somewhat branched, angles rough with 
reflexed prickles. Leaves with marginal prickles all pointing forward, 
not backward, by which invariable character, and the large pyramidal 
tubercles that cover the fruit, this species is clearly distinguished from 
G. tricorne. Blossom straw-coloured. E. Bot. (The two lateral Jloivers 
* The roots afford a red dye for woollens. 
t The branches are used by the Swedes instead of a soi to strain milk. Young geese 
are very fond of them. The seeds may be used instead of coffee, (though it would scarcely 
answer in this country even for children to gather them. E.) The plant is eaten by 
horses, cows, sheep, and goats. Swine refuse it. Linn. The expressed juice of the stem 
and leaves, taken to the amount of four ounces, night and morning, is very efficacious in 
removing many of those cutaneous eruptions which are called, although improperly. 
Scorbutic. It must be continued for several weeks. (Mr. Holdich describes Hariff as a 
very scrambling weed, running to the length of seven or eight feet, increasing in weight 
of branches and foliage as it obtains the light, and getting through whatever it grows with. 
In clay countries it is scarcely known, though it be one of the very worst weeds, where it 
abounds. The rough seeds adhere to whatever woollen stuff they touch. They are also 
heavy enough to resist dressing, and big enough to escape the screen. They are so hard 
as to resist the mill-stones, and are equally impracticable to horses when mixed with oats. 
Drags and rakes are said to be ineffectual in destroying this pernicious intruder: the seeds 
should be encouraged to vegetate, and then the young plants quickly destroyed by the 
plough. E.) Sphinx stellatarum, S. Euphorbia (and Elpenor. E.) feed upon the dif¬ 
ferent species of Galium. 
