228 
TETRANDRIA. M0N0GYNIA. Rubia. 
on each peduncle generally sterile, falling away and leaving their pedi¬ 
cels, one on each side the large verrucose fruit. 
Warty-fruited Bed-straw. Valantia aparine. Linn. This plant was 
first accurately ascertained as a native of Britain by Mr. G. Don, who 
observed it in corn-fields in the Carse of Gowrie. Mr. Miller also finds 
it near Malton; and probably in various other situations it may have 
been confounded with G. tricorne. A. June—Aug. E.) 
(G. spu'rium, Leaves about eight in a whorl, lanceolate, with re¬ 
flexed marginal prickles, like those on the stem. Stalks axillary, 
many-flowered, cymose. Fruit smooth, erect. 
E.Bot. 1871. 
Resembles G. aparine in habit, but the leaves sometimes shorter. Sm. 
Hispid on the upper surface. Peduncles much longer than the leaves, 
bearing several flowers. Partial Jloiver-stalks not bent back with the 
fruit. Hook. 
Smooth-fruited Corn Bed-si raw. In corn fields. About Forfar, 
sparingly. Mr. G. Don. A. June—July. E.) 
RU'BIA. # Bloss. one petal, bell-shaped. Berries two, one- 
seeded, united, (smooth, pulpy. E.) 
It. peregri'na. Leaves four or more, in a whorl, elliptical, smooth, 
shining on the upper surface: blossom with five divisions. 
( E . Bot. 851. E.)— H. Ox. ix. 21. 2—Pet. 30. 3. 
Moot branched, penetrating deeply into the fissures of the rocks; its outer 
bark red. Stems several, climbing, four-cornered, the angles set with 
prickles pointing backwards. Leaves spear-shaped, somewhat waved 
at the edge, even and shining on the upper surface, prickly at the edges 
and along the mid-rib on the under side, from three to six in a whorl, 
but mostly five. The plant in climbing up the rocks and through the 
shrubs supports itself by means of the prickles on the angles of the stem 
and under the margins and mid-ribs of the leaves. It seldom produces 
more than one perfect seed, perhaps there are not more than two or three 
instances on any one plant in which both the seeds attain perfection. The 
whole superficies of the plant does not die in the winter, but some of the 
old stem remains alive, which puts forth fresh shoots in the spring. The 
leaves which first appear in the spring are rather elliptical, as represented 
in the figure of Petiver. SAvayne. (In general habit resembles the plants 
of the preceding genus. Flowers greenish yellow, in forked terminal 
panicles. Leaves evergreen, as we have particularly ascertained in the 
plants which trail through black-thorns and other shrubs to the height 
of eight or ten feet on St. Vincent’s rocks. Stamens four, five, or six. 
Petals four or five-cleft. Leaves four or five in a whorl. E.) Smith 
\ considers the Rubia of Haller 708, to be R. tinctcrum of Linnaeus, which 
has egg-spear-shaped leaves, rough on the upper surface; fknvers, often, 
though not always, four-cleft, and without any calyx. E.) 
Wild Madder. (Welsh: Gwreiddrudd gwyllt. R. peregrina. Linn. 
Huds. Willd. Sm. R. anglica. Huds. Ed. i. R. sylvestris aspera. Ray 
Syn. and With. Ed. 2. R.tinctorurh. With. Ed. 3 to 6. Hull. Common 
about Teignmouth: in profusion on the rocks below Brookfield, near that 
{Ruber, red ; from the colour which pervades its root. E.) 
