236 TETRANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. Cornus, 
About the ruins of Mugdoch Castle, near Glasgow. Mr. Hopkirk. Hook. 
Scot. E.) 
COR'NXJS.*' Involucrum .generally four-leaved: Petals four, 
superior: Drupa succulent; beneath : a two-celled, hard, 
nut. 
C. sanguin'ea. Branches straight, leaves egg-shaped, green on both 
sides; tuft flat, (without an involucre. E.) 
E. Bot. 249 —FL Ban. 481 —Matth. 260 —Lob. Obs. 592. I—Park. 1521. 3 
•— Ger. 1283— Bod. 782. 2— Ger. Em. 1467— Trag. 1004. 
(A few feet in height, with branches of dark red when full grown. Petals re¬ 
volute at the sides, inserted with the stamens , into a glandular ring, crown¬ 
ing the germen. Sm. E.) Tuft of flowers divided into five parts, and 
these again sub-divided. Scop. Leaves egg-spear-shaped, with strong 
j nerves, stalked, two or three inches long. Blossom greenish white. 
Berries purple. Leaves blood red in autumn, whence the trivial name. E.) 
Dogwood Kound’s-berry, (as denoting fruit of an inferior quality. E.) 
Prick-wood, (from its use in making skewers. E.) Gatten-tree. 
Bloody-twig. Wild Cornel Tree. Virga sanguinea of ancient 
authors; the French and Italian names equally referring to its sangui¬ 
neous hue. (Welsh: Cwyros ; Cwyrwialen. E.) Copses and hedge¬ 
rows, not uncommon: (especially in calcareous soil. E.) S. June.f 
C. Sue^cica. Herbaceous; branches in pairs; umbel axillary, peduncu¬ 
late, with a four-leaved, large, involucrum. E.) 
(Hook. FI. Lond. 194— E. Bot. 310. E.)— FI. Ban. 5— Penn. Scotl. ii. 39. 
at p. 314— Bill. Elth. 91— FI. Lapp. 5. 3— Clus. i. 60. 1— Ger. Em. 1296. 
5—Park. 1461. 4— J. B. ii. 109. I—Ger. 1113. 
Stem quadrangular, (four to six inches high. E.) rarely branched; forked 
at top. Leaves (about five-nerved. E.) oval, lower ones more circular; 
entire, opposite. General involucrum inclosing many flowers; little leaves 
white. Flowers (dark purple. E.) very small, in an undivided umbel. 
Fruit-stalk solitary, terminal, rising from the fork of the stem. The four 
leaves of the involucrum so much resemble petals, that it might be ima¬ 
gined a compound flower. Roth. Berries red, (sweetish. Nut nearly 
globular, pointed. E.) 
* (From cornu , horn ; as applicable to the hard compact texture of the wood. E.) 
+ The berries are bitter and styptic ; they dye purple. Horses, sheep, and goats eat it. 
Swine and cows refuse it. (M. Margueron, of the Military Hospital at Strasburgh, ex¬ 
tracts a kind of oil from the berries of Dogwood. The berries are laid in a heap to soften 
and heat; after which process by pressure a fat viscous oil may be procured of a clear 
green colour, without smell or taste, and well adapted for either salads, or lamps. Month. 
Mag. v. 12, p. 54. Our English Evelyn reports the same, and Matthiolus further that the 
said oil is used for lamps in the country around Trent. A kind with richly variegated 
leaves is admitted as an ornamental plant in shrubberies. The celebrated 
- (< Cornel spear 
Ulysses wav’d, to rouse the savage war,” 
was probably supplied by a larger species : as also the missiles described in the iEneid—- 
---“ Bona bello 
Cornus .” 
<{ Cornel , good in war,” Virg. Georg, ii. E.) 
